Pregnancy conditions

High blood pressure that a woman already has when she becomes pregnant, or that is found in the first 20 weeks. It is a form of high blood pressure, but decisions in pregnancy differ: some blood...

Condition 0 claims Evidence checked not recorded

Eclampsia is when a woman with pre-eclampsia, a pregnancy condition with high blood pressure, has a seizure. It can happen in pregnancy or after the birth. In trials, injected magnesium lowered the...

Condition 0 claims Evidence checked 2026-10-14

Gestational diabetes is diabetes that first appears during pregnancy, usually around the 24th week. It often has no symptoms, so pregnant people are usually tested. It usually goes away after the...

Condition 3 claims Evidence checked 2026-10-14

High blood pressure that is present before pregnancy or starts during it. NICE groups these disorders in three ways: high blood pressure that was there before pregnancy or appeared in the first 20...

Condition 1 claim Evidence checked not recorded

A condition of pregnancy in which blood pressure rises after 20 weeks and, at the same time, there are signs that other parts of the body are affected. These can include protein in the urine, or...

Condition 0 claims Evidence checked not recorded

Magnesium sulfate is a mineral salt that is given by injection or drip as a medicine. This atlas meets it in two separate roles, kept on separate pages: to prevent and treat seizures in eclampsia...

Drug 0 claims Evidence checked 2026-10-14

Pages about medicines and vaccines given in pregnancy, at birth, after birth or to the baby. Each page says who receives it, the mother or the baby.

Front Evidence checked not recorded

Pages about the blood, urine, questionnaire and newborn tests that look for a problem before or soon after it shows. Each page says who is tested and what the test looks for.

Front Evidence checked not recorded

Using blood pressure medicines in pregnancy when blood pressure is raised but not yet severe, instead of waiting until it becomes severe. This is a treatment strategy, not one drug. Different sources...

Intervention 5 claims Evidence checked not recorded

Pregnant people are usually tested for gestational diabetes between 24 and 28 weeks. The test uses a sugary drink and blood samples. In the one-step approach, a 75 g drink is given after fasting and...

Intervention 5 claims Evidence checked 2026-10-14

A small daily dose of aspirin taken during pregnancy by women at higher risk of pre-eclampsia, to help prevent it. In England, NICE tells clinicians to advise 75 mg to 150 mg a day, from 12 weeks of...

Intervention 2 claims Evidence checked 2026-10-12

Magnesium sulfate is a medicine given by injection or drip to women with pre-eclampsia to lower the chance of a seizure, and to women who have had a seizure to stop more. In the Magpie trial it cut...

Intervention 3 claims Evidence checked 2026-10-14

A blood test for placental growth factor (PlGF), alone or as a ratio with a second protein, used together with a clinician's usual assessment when pre-eclampsia is suspected before 37 weeks...

Intervention 1 claim Evidence checked 2026-10-12

Treatment of gestational diabetes usually starts with healthy eating and physical activity, with home blood sugar checks, and adds medicine if that is not enough. In one trial (ACHOIS), treatment cut...

Intervention 6 claims Evidence checked 2026-10-14

A pair of blood tests from Roche Diagnostics, run in a laboratory, whose results are combined into the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio. In the United States the FDA cleared it in February 2025 as an aid in judging...

Product 2 claims Evidence checked 2026-10-12

Two blood tests run on the same sample in a laboratory machine, one for sFlt-1 and one for placental growth factor (PlGF), with the result reported as the ratio of the two. Different companies build...

Technology 1 claim Evidence checked 2026-10-12

A blood test result for a pregnant woman: two proteins, sFlt-1 and placental growth factor (PlGF), are measured in the same sample, and the first is divided by the second. The test is used in two...

Biomarker 2 claims Evidence checked 2026-10-12

NICE uses the term nulliparity without defining it. MeSH files it under parity, which MeSH defines as "The number of offspring a female has borne." NICE lists it as one of six moderate risk factors...

Risk factor 1 claim Evidence checked 2026-10-12

The NICE guideline on diagnosing and managing high blood pressure in pregnancy, first published in June 2019 and last updated in April 2023.

Guideline Evidence checked not recorded

Tests that can be added to the usual clinical assessment to help plan care for someone with suspected pre-eclampsia from 20 weeks to 36 weeks 6 days of pregnancy. They measure placental growth factor...

Guideline Evidence checked 2026-10-14

A 2021 statement from the US Preventive Services Task Force advising screening for gestational diabetes in pregnant people without symptoms at 24 weeks of pregnancy or after. For testing before 24...

Guideline Evidence checked 2026-10-14

WHO's 2020 advice on whether pregnant women with mild to moderate high blood pressure should take blood pressure medicine.

Guideline Evidence checked 2026-10-14

Whether the mother developed pre-eclampsia, with or without severe features, during the trial.

Outcome 0 claims Evidence checked not recorded

One combined measure of serious problems in the pregnancy: pre-eclampsia with severe features, a medically needed early birth before 35 weeks, the placenta separating from the womb wall before the...

Outcome 0 claims Evidence checked not recorded

Whether the baby died before birth or soon after birth. It is one of the four parts of the CHAP primary combined outcome, which counts fetal and newborn deaths together.

Outcome 0 claims Evidence checked not recorded

Whether the baby was born before 35 weeks of pregnancy because the mother or the baby was ill, and not because labor started on its own or the waters broke. It is one of the four parts of the CHAP...

Outcome 0 claims Evidence checked not recorded

Whether the placenta came away from the wall of the womb before the birth and this led to the baby being delivered. CHAP also recorded other abruptions, but they did not count toward the primary...

Outcome 0 claims Evidence checked not recorded

Whether the mother developed pre-eclampsia with severe features, up to 2 weeks after the birth. It is one of the four parts of the CHAP primary combined outcome.

Outcome 0 claims Evidence checked not recorded

Whether a baby was born smaller than expected for the length of the pregnancy. CHAP used it to check that treating the mother did not slow the baby’s growth.

Outcome 0 claims Evidence checked not recorded

The main report of the CHAP trial, published in 2022, on treating mild chronic hypertension during pregnancy.

Publication Evidence checked not recorded

A randomized trial that asked whether treating women who have gestational diabetes lowers the chance of serious problems for their babies. Women were given diet advice, blood sugar monitoring and...

Study Evidence checked 2026-10-14

A large trial in the United States that asked whether women with mildly raised blood pressure before or early in pregnancy do better if they take blood pressure medicine to keep their pressure under...

Study Evidence checked not recorded

A large international study that tested the blood sugar of pregnant women with a 75 g glucose drink at 24 to 32 weeks and then followed what happened at birth. It found that higher blood sugar went...

Study Evidence checked 2026-10-14

A very large trial of 10,141 women with pre-eclampsia in 33 countries. Half were given magnesium sulphate and half a dummy treatment. Magnesium sulphate cut the risk of eclampsia, seizures in...

Study Evidence checked 2026-10-14

A US randomized trial in women with mild gestational diabetes. Women were assigned to usual prenatal care or to diet advice, home blood sugar checks and insulin if needed. Treatment did not...

Study Evidence checked 2026-10-14

A research institute of the US National Institutes of Health that works on heart, lung, blood and sleep disorders. It funded the CHAP trial.

Organization Evidence checked not recorded

An organization that writes guidance for health and care practitioners. Here it is the issuer of two pieces of guidance: the guideline on hypertension in pregnancy (NG133) and the HealthTech guidance...

Organization Evidence checked not recorded

The United Nations agency for international public health.

Organization Evidence checked not recorded

A suggested order for reading this atlas, from before pregnancy through birth to a baby’s first months. Each step points to one page and says in plain words what that page covers. It is a reading...

Reading path Evidence checked not recorded

Doctors use two main ways to test for gestational diabetes, a one-step and a two-step approach, and they do not label the same women. In a large US trial, about 16.5% of women were diagnosed with the...

Bottleneck 0 claims Evidence checked 2026-10-14