Pregnancy-related death (maternal death)
The death of a woman during pregnancy or in the period after it ends, from a cause linked to the pregnancy. WHO and CDC count different time windows: WHO counts deaths up to 42 days after the pregnancy ends, and CDC counts pregnancy-related deaths up to 1 year after delivery. WHO's fact sheet, which does not state the time window it counts, says about 260 000 women died around pregnancy and childbirth in 2023.
- Outcome
- In this atlas
Overview
Technical summary
Two definitions are kept apart. WHO maternal death: while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental or incidental causes (as quoted in a 2025 WHO analysis of the causes of maternal death); deaths from 43 days to under 1 year are late maternal deaths. CDC pregnancy-related death: during pregnancy or within 1 year after delivery and caused by a pregnancy complication, a chain of events started by the pregnancy, or the aggravation of an unrelated condition by pregnancy (2019 MMWR). The atlas holds the burden claims in separate contexts: WHO modelled global causes for 2009 to 2020, US surveillance for 2011 to 2015, 13-state committee review for 2013 to 2017, and the WHO fact sheet for 2023 (no time window stated). Bleeding deaths are one cause and have their own outcome record.
Definition
A maternal death under the WHO definition (up to 42 days after the end of pregnancy), and a pregnancy-related death under the CDC definition (up to 1 year after delivery). The two are different counts; each claim keeps its own definition.
- Unit
- deaths
Claims and evidence
Context Maternal deaths worldwide in 2009 to 2020, WHO systematic analysis of causes
- Recipient
- Maternal
- Population
- Deaths of women counted as maternal deaths under the WHO definition (while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, from a cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management, not accidental or incidental). The analysis pooled civil registration data from 110 countries, government reports from 28 countries and bibliographic-database data from 20 countries, and modelled the distribution of causes by SDG region and worldwide.
- Care setting
- Not applicable: deaths in any setting, from country registration systems, reports and published studies
- Geography
- Global, 2009 to 2020
- Life stage
- Pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period up to 42 days after the end of pregnancy
- Gestational age
- Not reported
- Postnatal age
- Not reported
- Follow-up
- Deaths occurring in 2009 to 2020. Late maternal deaths (more than 42 days but less than 1 year after the end of pregnancy) are reported separately in the paper and are not part of this context.
Eligibility: 1 inclusion criterion; 1 exclusion criterion
- Included
- Maternal deaths occurring in 2009 to 2020 in the data sources the analysis included
- Excluded
- Not stated in the source
WHO defines a maternal death as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of the end of the pregnancy, whatever the length or site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or made worse by the pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental or incidental causes. The WHO analysis of causes of maternal death uses this definition, and treats deaths from 43 days to under 1 year after the end of pregnancy as late maternal deaths.
Applies to Maternal- Deaths of women counted as maternal deaths under the WHO definition (while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, from a cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management, not accidental or incidental). The analysis pooled civil registration data from 110 countries, government reports from 28 countries and bibliographic-database data from 20 countries, and modelled the distribution of causes by SDG region and worldwide.
- Not applicable: deaths in any setting, from country registration systems, reports and published studies
- Global, 2009 to 2020
- Pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period up to 42 days after the end of pregnancy
- Gestational age Not reported
- Postnatal age Not reported
- Certainty method
- Not assessed
- Limitations
- The Lancet Global Health paper quotes this definition from WHO and uses it; the WHO definition document itself was not read. The paper says ICD-11 introduced comprehensive maternal deaths, which include all deaths up to 1 year postpartum.
- Last checked
- 2026-10-15
- Next evidence check due
- Not scheduled
Sources and citations (3)
-
Supports Global and regional causes of maternal deaths 2009–20: a WHO systematic analysis
- Locator
- Introduction, paragraph 1
- How it applies
- Open access full text (CC BY).
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
2f712a432be6d6473e6359a3e20b72b8ecae650a2ee625df222659f78ee5985d- Reuse basis
- PMC Open Access subset article under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (named in the article). The raw XML is committed at research/snapshots/mk-pmc-PMC11946934.xml, which CC BY allows with attribution. Short quotations under 25 words.
-
Supports Global and regional causes of maternal deaths 2009–20: a WHO systematic analysis
- Locator
- Abstract, Findings, sentence 6, fragment 1 of 2
- How it applies
- Open access full text (CC BY).
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
2f712a432be6d6473e6359a3e20b72b8ecae650a2ee625df222659f78ee5985d- Reuse basis
- PMC Open Access subset article under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (named in the article). The raw XML is committed at research/snapshots/mk-pmc-PMC11946934.xml, which CC BY allows with attribution. Short quotations under 25 words.
-
Supports Global and regional causes of maternal deaths 2009–20: a WHO systematic analysis
- Locator
- Discussion, paragraph on late maternal deaths
- How it applies
- Open access full text (CC BY).
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
2f712a432be6d6473e6359a3e20b72b8ecae650a2ee625df222659f78ee5985d- Reuse basis
- PMC Open Access subset article under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (named in the article). The raw XML is committed at research/snapshots/mk-pmc-PMC11946934.xml, which CC BY allows with attribution. Short quotations under 25 words.
Context Maternal deaths worldwide in 2023, WHO fact sheet
- Recipient
- Maternal
- Population
- Deaths of women during and following pregnancy and childbirth worldwide in 2023, as the WHO fact sheet reports them. The fact sheet does not say which time window it counts.
- Care setting
- Not applicable
- Geography
- Global, 2023
- Life stage
- Pregnancy, childbirth and after birth
- Gestational age
- Not reported
- Postnatal age
- Not reported
- Follow-up
- The calendar year 2023, with a comparison to the year 2000
Eligibility: 1 inclusion criterion; 1 exclusion criterion
- Included
- Maternal deaths in 2023
- Excluded
- Not stated in the source
The WHO maternal mortality fact sheet, dated 7 April 2025, gives about 260 000 deaths of women during and after pregnancy and childbirth in 2023, around 92% of them in low- and lower-middle-income countries, and says over 700 women died every day that year of preventable causes. It reports that the maternal mortality ratio fell by about 40% worldwide between 2000 and 2023, and it names severe bleeding, mostly after childbirth, among the major complications behind around 75% of all maternal deaths.
Applies to Maternal- Deaths of women during and following pregnancy and childbirth worldwide in 2023, as the WHO fact sheet reports them. The fact sheet does not say which time window it counts.
- Not applicable
- Global, 2023
- Pregnancy, childbirth and after birth
- Gestational age Not reported
- Postnatal age Not reported
- Certainty method
- Not assessed
- Limitations
- The fact sheet gives modelled estimates and does not state the time window it counts, so the 260 000 figure is not placed under the 42-day definition or the 1-year definition. The share of around 75% refers to the group of five complications the page lists together, not to bleeding alone. The page was read as shown on 2026-10-15; its figures may be updated.
- Last checked
- 2026-10-15
- Next evidence check due
- Not scheduled
Sources and citations (7)
-
Supports Maternal mortality (WHO fact sheet)
- Locator
- Overview, paragraph 1, sentence 2
- How it applies
- WHO fact sheet.
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
8a3df0038fd325034fd3b9efe8999c17e6facda358fb786e8beb8979d1940f3b- Reuse basis
- WHO website terms of use (https://www.who.int/about/policies/terms-of-use, fetched as mk-who-terms-of-use.html, sha256 8edac88c0773639d74a023402b231adafb407e8a680e6620c099eb5a17fb61ab) allow extracts to be reproduced for research or private study but not for sale or commercial purposes, with an acknowledgment of WHO as the source and the URL. The page bytes are not committed; only the hash is kept. Short quotations with attribution.
-
Supports Maternal mortality (WHO fact sheet)
- Locator
- Overview, paragraph 1, sentence 3
- How it applies
- WHO fact sheet.
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
8a3df0038fd325034fd3b9efe8999c17e6facda358fb786e8beb8979d1940f3b- Reuse basis
- WHO website terms of use (https://www.who.int/about/policies/terms-of-use, fetched as mk-who-terms-of-use.html, sha256 8edac88c0773639d74a023402b231adafb407e8a680e6620c099eb5a17fb61ab) allow extracts to be reproduced for research or private study but not for sale or commercial purposes, with an acknowledgment of WHO as the source and the URL. The page bytes are not committed; only the hash is kept. Short quotations with attribution.
-
Supports Maternal mortality (WHO fact sheet)
- Locator
- Key facts, bullet 1
- How it applies
- WHO fact sheet.
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
8a3df0038fd325034fd3b9efe8999c17e6facda358fb786e8beb8979d1940f3b- Reuse basis
- WHO website terms of use (https://www.who.int/about/policies/terms-of-use, fetched as mk-who-terms-of-use.html, sha256 8edac88c0773639d74a023402b231adafb407e8a680e6620c099eb5a17fb61ab) allow extracts to be reproduced for research or private study but not for sale or commercial purposes, with an acknowledgment of WHO as the source and the URL. The page bytes are not committed; only the hash is kept. Short quotations with attribution.
-
Supports Maternal mortality (WHO fact sheet)
- Locator
- Key facts, bullet 3
- How it applies
- WHO fact sheet.
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
8a3df0038fd325034fd3b9efe8999c17e6facda358fb786e8beb8979d1940f3b- Reuse basis
- WHO website terms of use (https://www.who.int/about/policies/terms-of-use, fetched as mk-who-terms-of-use.html, sha256 8edac88c0773639d74a023402b231adafb407e8a680e6620c099eb5a17fb61ab) allow extracts to be reproduced for research or private study but not for sale or commercial purposes, with an acknowledgment of WHO as the source and the URL. The page bytes are not committed; only the hash is kept. Short quotations with attribution.
-
Supports Maternal mortality (WHO fact sheet)
- Locator
- Why do women die, paragraph 2
- How it applies
- WHO fact sheet.
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
8a3df0038fd325034fd3b9efe8999c17e6facda358fb786e8beb8979d1940f3b- Reuse basis
- WHO website terms of use (https://www.who.int/about/policies/terms-of-use, fetched as mk-who-terms-of-use.html, sha256 8edac88c0773639d74a023402b231adafb407e8a680e6620c099eb5a17fb61ab) allow extracts to be reproduced for research or private study but not for sale or commercial purposes, with an acknowledgment of WHO as the source and the URL. The page bytes are not committed; only the hash is kept. Short quotations with attribution.
-
Supports Maternal mortality (WHO fact sheet)
- Locator
- Why do women die, list item 1
- How it applies
- WHO fact sheet.
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
8a3df0038fd325034fd3b9efe8999c17e6facda358fb786e8beb8979d1940f3b- Reuse basis
- WHO website terms of use (https://www.who.int/about/policies/terms-of-use, fetched as mk-who-terms-of-use.html, sha256 8edac88c0773639d74a023402b231adafb407e8a680e6620c099eb5a17fb61ab) allow extracts to be reproduced for research or private study but not for sale or commercial purposes, with an acknowledgment of WHO as the source and the URL. The page bytes are not committed; only the hash is kept. Short quotations with attribution.
-
Background Maternal mortality (WHO fact sheet)
- Locator
- Page header, date
- How it applies
- Fact sheet date.
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
8a3df0038fd325034fd3b9efe8999c17e6facda358fb786e8beb8979d1940f3b- Reuse basis
- WHO website terms of use (https://www.who.int/about/policies/terms-of-use, fetched as mk-who-terms-of-use.html, sha256 8edac88c0773639d74a023402b231adafb407e8a680e6620c099eb5a17fb61ab) allow extracts to be reproduced for research or private study but not for sale or commercial purposes, with an acknowledgment of WHO as the source and the URL. The page bytes are not committed; only the hash is kept. Short quotations with attribution.
Context Pregnancy-related deaths in the United States in 2011 to 2015, CDC Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System
- Recipient
- Maternal
- Population
- Deaths reported to CDC's national Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System that occurred during pregnancy or within 1 year after delivery and that medically trained epidemiologists judged to be pregnancy-related, meaning caused by a pregnancy complication, a chain of events initiated by pregnancy, or the aggravation of an unrelated condition by the physiologic effects of pregnancy. This is a wider time window than the WHO definition of a maternal death, which stops at 42 days.
- Care setting
- Not applicable: deaths in any setting reported by state and city health departments
- Geography
- United States. CDC asks all states, the District of Columbia and New York City to send death certificates and linked records.
- Life stage
- During pregnancy and up to 1 year after delivery
- Gestational age
- Not reported
- Postnatal age
- Not reported
- Follow-up
- Deaths in 2011 to 2015
Eligibility: 1 inclusion criterion; 1 exclusion criterion
- Included
- Deaths during pregnancy or within 1 year after delivery that medically trained epidemiologists judged pregnancy-related
- Excluded
- Deaths judged not pregnancy-related
CDC counts a death as pregnancy-related if it occurred during pregnancy or within 1 year after delivery and was caused by a pregnancy complication, by a chain of events started by the pregnancy, or by the pregnancy's physiologic effects making an unrelated condition worse. Medically trained epidemiologists review each reported death to decide this.
Applies to Maternal- Deaths reported to CDC's national Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System that occurred during pregnancy or within 1 year after delivery and that medically trained epidemiologists judged to be pregnancy-related, meaning caused by a pregnancy complication, a chain of events initiated by pregnancy, or the aggravation of an unrelated condition by the physiologic effects of pregnancy. This is a wider time window than the WHO definition of a maternal death, which stops at 42 days.
- Not applicable: deaths in any setting reported by state and city health departments
- United States. CDC asks all states, the District of Columbia and New York City to send death certificates and linked records.
- During pregnancy and up to 1 year after delivery
- Gestational age Not reported
- Postnatal age Not reported
- Certainty method
- Not assessed
- Limitations
- This is the definition used in the 2019 MMWR report on the Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System. It is wider than the WHO definition of a maternal death, which ends at 42 days, so numbers under the two definitions are not interchangeable. Only the report was read, not CDC's own definition pages, which are not scriptable.
- Last checked
- 2026-10-15
- Next evidence check due
- Not scheduled
Sources and citations (2)
-
- Locator
- Methods, paragraph 1
- How it applies
- Open access full text (CC BY).
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
573b1063095f45822f0b0c1935cfe574fe445200cf396718218bc72144cb83b7- Reuse basis
- PMC Open Access subset article under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (named in the article). The raw XML is committed at research/snapshots/mk-pmc-PMC6542194.xml, which CC BY allows with attribution. Short quotations under 25 words.
-
- Locator
- Methods, paragraph 1 (review of deaths)
- How it applies
- Open access full text (CC BY).
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
573b1063095f45822f0b0c1935cfe574fe445200cf396718218bc72144cb83b7- Reuse basis
- PMC Open Access subset article under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (named in the article). The raw XML is committed at research/snapshots/mk-pmc-PMC6542194.xml, which CC BY allows with attribution. Short quotations under 25 words.
CDC analysed national Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System data for 2011 to 2015: 3,410 pregnancy-related deaths in the United States, a pregnancy-related mortality ratio of 17.2 per 100,000 live births. Non-Hispanic Black women and American Indian/Alaska Native women had the highest ratios (42.8 and 32.5), 3.3 and 2.5 times the ratio for non-Hispanic White women (13.0). Timing was known for 87.7% (2,990) of the deaths: 31.3% occurred during pregnancy, 16.9% on the day of delivery, 18.6% 1 to 6 days postpartum, 21.4% 7 to 42 days postpartum and 11.7% 43 to 365 days postpartum. Leading causes included cardiovascular conditions, infection and haemorrhage, and varied by timing.
Applies to Maternal- Deaths reported to CDC's national Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System that occurred during pregnancy or within 1 year after delivery and that medically trained epidemiologists judged to be pregnancy-related, meaning caused by a pregnancy complication, a chain of events initiated by pregnancy, or the aggravation of an unrelated condition by the physiologic effects of pregnancy. This is a wider time window than the WHO definition of a maternal death, which stops at 42 days.
- Not applicable: deaths in any setting reported by state and city health departments
- United States. CDC asks all states, the District of Columbia and New York City to send death certificates and linked records.
- During pregnancy and up to 1 year after delivery
- Gestational age Not reported
- Postnatal age Not reported
- Certainty method
- Not assessed
- Limitations
- These are surveillance counts for 2011 to 2015 under the CDC definition (up to 1 year after delivery), not the WHO 42-day definition, and they describe the United States only. The ratios are not adjusted comparisons, and the report says nothing in these figures about why they differ. Rates may have changed since. The open access report was read; CDC's own pages were not.
- Last checked
- 2026-10-15
- Next evidence check due
- Not scheduled
Sources and citations (8)
-
- Locator
- Results, para 1, sentence 1
- How it applies
- Open access full text (CC BY).
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
573b1063095f45822f0b0c1935cfe574fe445200cf396718218bc72144cb83b7- Reuse basis
- PMC Open Access subset article under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (named in the article). The raw XML is committed at research/snapshots/mk-pmc-PMC6542194.xml, which CC BY allows with attribution. Short quotations under 25 words.
-
- Locator
- Abstract, Results, sentence 2, fragment 1 of 2
- How it applies
- Open access full text (CC BY).
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
573b1063095f45822f0b0c1935cfe574fe445200cf396718218bc72144cb83b7- Reuse basis
- PMC Open Access subset article under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (named in the article). The raw XML is committed at research/snapshots/mk-pmc-PMC6542194.xml, which CC BY allows with attribution. Short quotations under 25 words.
-
- Locator
- Abstract, Results, sentence 2, fragment 2 of 2
- How it applies
- Open access full text (CC BY).
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
573b1063095f45822f0b0c1935cfe574fe445200cf396718218bc72144cb83b7- Reuse basis
- PMC Open Access subset article under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (named in the article). The raw XML is committed at research/snapshots/mk-pmc-PMC6542194.xml, which CC BY allows with attribution. Short quotations under 25 words.
-
- Locator
- Abstract, Results, sentence 3
- How it applies
- Open access full text (CC BY).
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
573b1063095f45822f0b0c1935cfe574fe445200cf396718218bc72144cb83b7- Reuse basis
- PMC Open Access subset article under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (named in the article). The raw XML is committed at research/snapshots/mk-pmc-PMC6542194.xml, which CC BY allows with attribution. Short quotations under 25 words.
-
- Locator
- Abstract, Results, sentence 4, fragment 1 of 2
- How it applies
- Open access full text (CC BY).
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
573b1063095f45822f0b0c1935cfe574fe445200cf396718218bc72144cb83b7- Reuse basis
- PMC Open Access subset article under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (named in the article). The raw XML is committed at research/snapshots/mk-pmc-PMC6542194.xml, which CC BY allows with attribution. Short quotations under 25 words.
-
- Locator
- Abstract, Results, sentence 4, fragment 2 of 2
- How it applies
- Open access full text (CC BY).
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
573b1063095f45822f0b0c1935cfe574fe445200cf396718218bc72144cb83b7- Reuse basis
- PMC Open Access subset article under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (named in the article). The raw XML is committed at research/snapshots/mk-pmc-PMC6542194.xml, which CC BY allows with attribution. Short quotations under 25 words.
-
- Locator
- Abstract, Results, sentence 5
- How it applies
- Open access full text (CC BY).
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
573b1063095f45822f0b0c1935cfe574fe445200cf396718218bc72144cb83b7- Reuse basis
- PMC Open Access subset article under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (named in the article). The raw XML is committed at research/snapshots/mk-pmc-PMC6542194.xml, which CC BY allows with attribution. Short quotations under 25 words.
-
- Locator
- Abstract, Methods, sentence 1
- How it applies
- The data source: CDC's national Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System, 2011 to 2015.
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
573b1063095f45822f0b0c1935cfe574fe445200cf396718218bc72144cb83b7- Reuse basis
- PMC Open Access subset article under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (named in the article). The raw XML is committed at research/snapshots/mk-pmc-PMC6542194.xml, which CC BY allows with attribution. Short quotations under 25 words.
Context Pregnancy-related deaths reviewed by Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 13 US states, 2013 to 2017
- Recipient
- Maternal
- Population
- Pregnancy-related deaths that occurred during 2013 to 2017 and that the Maternal Mortality Review Committees of 13 states reviewed. Of 251 deaths evaluated for preventability, a determination was made for 232. This is a separate set of deaths from the national surveillance data for 2011 to 2015.
- Care setting
- Not applicable: committee review of deaths from multiple data sources
- Geography
- Thirteen US states (the abstract does not name them)
- Life stage
- During pregnancy and up to 1 year after delivery (pregnancy-related deaths)
- Gestational age
- Not reported
- Postnatal age
- Not reported
- Follow-up
- Deaths in 2013 to 2017
Eligibility: 1 inclusion criterion; 1 exclusion criterion
- Included
- Pregnancy-related deaths in 2013 to 2017 reviewed by the 13 state committees
- Excluded
- Not stated in the source
Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 13 US states evaluated 251 pregnancy-related deaths that occurred in 2013 to 2017 and made a preventability determination for 232 of them (92.4%). Approximately sixty percent of the pregnancy-related deaths from the state committees were determined to be preventable, and this did not differ significantly by race or ethnicity or by the timing of death. The committees identified an average of three to four contributing factors and two to three prevention strategies for each death.
Applies to Maternal- Pregnancy-related deaths that occurred during 2013 to 2017 and that the Maternal Mortality Review Committees of 13 states reviewed. Of 251 deaths evaluated for preventability, a determination was made for 232. This is a separate set of deaths from the national surveillance data for 2011 to 2015.
- Not applicable: committee review of deaths from multiple data sources
- Thirteen US states (the abstract does not name them)
- During pregnancy and up to 1 year after delivery (pregnancy-related deaths)
- Gestational age Not reported
- Postnatal age Not reported
- Certainty method
- Not assessed
- Limitations
- The committee data are a separate set of deaths from the national 2011 to 2015 surveillance counts, and they come from 13 states that the abstract does not name, so they may not represent the whole country. Preventability is a committee judgement. The open access report was read.
- Last checked
- 2026-10-15
- Next evidence check due
- Not scheduled
Sources and citations (5)
-
- Locator
- Results, para 6, sentence 1
- How it applies
- Open access full text (CC BY).
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
573b1063095f45822f0b0c1935cfe574fe445200cf396718218bc72144cb83b7- Reuse basis
- PMC Open Access subset article under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (named in the article). The raw XML is committed at research/snapshots/mk-pmc-PMC6542194.xml, which CC BY allows with attribution. Short quotations under 25 words.
-
- Locator
- Abstract, Results, sentence 6, fragment 1 of 2
- How it applies
- Open access full text (CC BY).
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
573b1063095f45822f0b0c1935cfe574fe445200cf396718218bc72144cb83b7- Reuse basis
- PMC Open Access subset article under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (named in the article). The raw XML is committed at research/snapshots/mk-pmc-PMC6542194.xml, which CC BY allows with attribution. Short quotations under 25 words.
-
- Locator
- Abstract, Results, sentence 6, fragment 2 of 2
- How it applies
- Open access full text (CC BY).
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
573b1063095f45822f0b0c1935cfe574fe445200cf396718218bc72144cb83b7- Reuse basis
- PMC Open Access subset article under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (named in the article). The raw XML is committed at research/snapshots/mk-pmc-PMC6542194.xml, which CC BY allows with attribution. Short quotations under 25 words.
-
- Locator
- Results, para 7, sentence 1
- How it applies
- Open access full text (CC BY).
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
573b1063095f45822f0b0c1935cfe574fe445200cf396718218bc72144cb83b7- Reuse basis
- PMC Open Access subset article under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (named in the article). The raw XML is committed at research/snapshots/mk-pmc-PMC6542194.xml, which CC BY allows with attribution. Short quotations under 25 words.
-
- Locator
- Abstract, Methods, sentence 4, fragment 1 of 2
- How it applies
- The committees and years.
- Retrieved
- Source effective date
- Not reported
- Source state
- Current
- Snapshot hash
573b1063095f45822f0b0c1935cfe574fe445200cf396718218bc72144cb83b7- Reuse basis
- PMC Open Access subset article under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (named in the article). The raw XML is committed at research/snapshots/mk-pmc-PMC6542194.xml, which CC BY allows with attribution. Short quotations under 25 words.
Clinical links
Each link reports what one cited claim says about one population. "Evaluated for" means studied, not shown to work. These links do not show that anything is effective or right for you.
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Claim, not a settled fact Risk raised by: Postpartum haemorrhage
Applies to Maternal- Deaths of women counted as maternal deaths under the WHO definition (while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, from a cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management, not accidental or incidental). The analysis pooled civil registration data from 110 countries, government reports from 28 countries and bibliographic-database data from 20 countries, and modelled the distribution of causes by SDG region and worldwide.
- Not applicable: deaths in any setting, from country registration systems, reports and published studies
- Global, 2009 to 2020
- Pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period up to 42 days after the end of pregnancy
- Gestational age Not reported
- Postnatal age Not reported
A WHO systematic analysis of the causes of maternal death in 2009 to 2020 found that, worldwide, haemorrhage was the most common cause of maternal death (27%; 80% uncertainty interval 22 to 32), followed by indirect obstetric deaths (23%, 18 to 30) and hypertensive disorders (16%, 14 to 19). The paper reports that most maternal deaths from haemorrhage and sepsis occurred in the postpartum period, defined there as up to 42 days after the end of pregnancy, and that the rest of the haemorrhage deaths were spread about evenly between the antepartum and intrapartum periods.Limitations. The haemorrhage category counts bleeding deaths at any point from pregnancy to 42 days after it ends, not only postpartum haemorrhage. The intervals are 80% uncertainty intervals from a Bayesian model, not 95% confidence intervals, and the shares are modelled estimates from registration systems, government reports and published studies, with the underlying data differing by country. They describe maternal deaths under the WHO 42-day definition and say nothing about deaths from 43 days to 1 year, which the paper treats as late maternal deaths. The paper is open access under CC BY; its abstract and text were read.
Record details
- Record id
maternal:outcome-pregnancy-related-death- Content hash
0332d45c8cfeac43aac76129d253b6c92b5d005685560d6900a9094e1b6fc8a8