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TRUFFLE trial (timing of birth in early fetal growth restriction)

A European trial in women whose babies had severe growth restriction between 26 and 32 weeks of pregnancy. It tested three plans for deciding when to deliver, based on heart-rate tracing or on blood flow in a vein in the baby. The main result at 2 years of age was not clearly different between plans.

  • Study
  • In this atlas

Overview

Design
Prospective, European multicentre, unblinded, randomised study of women with singleton fetuses at 26 to 32 weeks with very preterm fetal growth restriction, allocated 1:1:1 (randomly sized blocks, stratified by centre and by gestational age below or at least 29 weeks) to three timing-of-delivery plans that differed in antenatal monitoring strategy. Intention to treat for the primary outcome.
Phase
Not reported
Enrolled
  • 503 women (randomly allocated from 542 eligible) (randomized count) (2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial, retrieved )
Sponsor
Not recorded
Funder
Not recorded
Registry
  • ISRCTN ISRCTN56204499
Started
Not reported
Primary completion
Not reported
Completion
Not reported
Countries
United Kingdom, Austria, Germany, Italy, Netherlands (Trial of Umbilical and Foetal Flow in Europe: TRUFFLE study (ISRCTN record), retrieved )
Care setting
Not reported
Registry status
Not reported

Technical summary

Prospective, European, multicentre, unblinded, randomised study (ISRCTN 56204499; Lancet 2015). 503 of 542 eligible women were randomly allocated 1:1:1 to delivery plans based on reduced cardiotocography short-term variation, early ductus venosus Doppler changes (pulsatility index above the 95th percentile) or late ductus venosus changes. Primary outcome: survival without cerebral palsy, neurosensory impairment or Bayley III score below 85 at 2 years. The primary result was not significant (p trend 0.09); the authors describe a survivor-only difference and a non-significant increase in mortality. This trial tested ductus venosus Doppler against cardiotocography, not umbilical artery Doppler (a high umbilical artery pulsatility index was an entry criterion). Funded by ZonMw and the Dr Hans Ludwig Geisenhofer Foundation.

Arms

  • Delivery on reduced cardiotocography short-term variation

    Intervention None named

    Delivery timed by reduced fetal heart-rate short-term variation on cardiotocography (CTG STV); 166 women allocated.

  • Delivery on early ductus venosus Doppler changes

    Intervention None named

    Delivery timed by early ductus venosus changes (pulsatility index above the 95th percentile; DV p95); 167 women allocated.

  • Delivery on late ductus venosus Doppler changes

    Intervention None named

    Delivery timed by late ductus venosus changes (A wave at or below baseline; DV no A); 170 women allocated.

Findings

No findings are published for this study.

Claims and evidence

Context Fetuses and neonates of women with very preterm growth restriction, all women randomly allocated (TRUFFLE)

Recipient
Mixed recipients
Population
Fetuses of the 503 women randomly allocated in TRUFFLE (singleton fetus at 26 to 32 weeks with abdominal circumference below the 10th percentile and umbilical artery Doppler pulsatility index above the 95th percentile). Safety outcomes (deaths in utero, a fetal outcome, and neonatal deaths, a newborn outcome) were assessed in all randomly allocated women.
Care setting
European multicentre trial; setting type not stated in the abstract
Geography
Europe (countries not named in the abstract)
Life stage
Pregnancy at 26 to 32 weeks of gestation at enrolment; neonatal period
Gestational age
26 weeks 0 days (182 days) to 32 weeks 0 days (224 days), measured at enrolment
Postnatal age
Not reported
Follow-up
Deaths in utero and neonatal deaths
Eligibility: 2 inclusion criteria; 1 exclusion criterion
Included
  • Singleton fetus at 26 to 32 weeks of gestation
  • Very preterm fetal growth restriction
Excluded
  • Not stated in the parts of the source that were read.

  • Safety Interventional Certainty not assessed

    Among all randomly allocated women in TRUFFLE, 12 fetuses (2%) died in utero and 27 (6%) neonatal deaths occurred. The authors note that delivery timed by late ductus venosus changes was accompanied by a non-significant increase in perinatal and infant mortality compared with timing by cardiotocography.

    Source problem. A cited source is corrected. Check the sources before relying on this claim.

    Applies to Mixed recipients
    • Fetuses of the 503 women randomly allocated in TRUFFLE (singleton fetus at 26 to 32 weeks with abdominal circumference below the 10th percentile and umbilical artery Doppler pulsatility index above the 95th percentile). Safety outcomes (deaths in utero, a fetal outcome, and neonatal deaths, a newborn outcome) were assessed in all randomly allocated women.
    • European multicentre trial; setting type not stated in the abstract
    • Europe (countries not named in the abstract)
    • Pregnancy at 26 to 32 weeks of gestation at enrolment; neonatal period
    • Gestational age 26 weeks 0 days to 32 weeks 0 days, measured at enrolment
    • Postnatal age Not reported
    Follow-up Deaths in utero and neonatal deaths
    Certainty method
    Not assessed
    Limitations
    The abstract gives the totals for all groups together and calls the mortality difference non-significant; it gives no group-by-group counts in the parts read. Safety outcomes were assessed in all randomly allocated women. Only the abstract was read. A published correction exists; whether it changes this claim is not known.
    Last checked
    2026-10-14
    Next evidence check due
    Not scheduled
    Sources and citations (3)

    1. Supports 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial

      Publication · Lancet (London, England) · Edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not read. · Published 2015-05-30 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62049-3 · PMID: 25747582

      Locator
      Abstract, METHODS, sentence 6
      How it applies
      PubMed abstract.
      Retrieved
      Source effective date
      Not reported
      Source state
      Corrected
      Snapshot hash
      9d6dd73d9507de5c16f996b3c7557f0b87aafbf0f68e54474481274105191ca2
      Reuse basis
      PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.

    2. Supports 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial

      Publication · Lancet (London, England) · Edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not read. · Published 2015-05-30 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62049-3 · PMID: 25747582

      Locator
      Abstract, FINDINGS, sentence 4
      How it applies
      PubMed abstract.
      Retrieved
      Source effective date
      Not reported
      Source state
      Corrected
      Snapshot hash
      9d6dd73d9507de5c16f996b3c7557f0b87aafbf0f68e54474481274105191ca2
      Reuse basis
      PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.

    3. Supports 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial

      Publication · Lancet (London, England) · Edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not read. · Published 2015-05-30 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62049-3 · PMID: 25747582

      Locator
      Abstract, FINDINGS, sentence 5, fragment 3 of 3
      How it applies
      PubMed abstract.
      Retrieved
      Source effective date
      Not reported
      Source state
      Corrected
      Snapshot hash
      9d6dd73d9507de5c16f996b3c7557f0b87aafbf0f68e54474481274105191ca2
      Reuse basis
      PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.

Context Surviving infants at 2 years after very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE)

Recipient
Child
Population
Surviving infants of women with a singleton fetus at 26 to 32 weeks of gestation and very preterm fetal growth restriction (abdominal circumference below the 10th percentile and umbilical artery Doppler pulsatility index above the 95th percentile), assessed at 2 years of age. The mothers were randomly allocated; outcomes are counted in the infants who survived and had known outcome.
Care setting
European multicentre trial; setting type not stated in the abstract
Geography
Europe (countries not named in the abstract)
Life stage
Infant follow-up at 2 years of age; mothers were enrolled at 26 to 32 weeks of gestation
Gestational age
26 weeks 0 days (182 days) to 32 weeks 0 days (224 days), measured at enrolment
Postnatal age
Not reported
Follow-up
Survival without cerebral palsy, neurosensory impairment or a Bayley III developmental score below 85, at 2 years of age
Eligibility: 2 inclusion criteria; 1 exclusion criterion
Included
  • Singleton fetus at 26 to 32 weeks of gestation
  • Very preterm fetal growth restriction
Excluded
  • Not stated in the parts of the source that were read.

  • Effect Interventional Certainty not assessed

    TRUFFLE randomly allocated 503 of 542 eligible women (singleton fetus at 26 to 32 weeks with very preterm growth restriction) to three delivery-timing plans based on reduced cardiotocography short-term variation, early ductus venosus Doppler changes, or late ductus venosus Doppler changes. The primary outcome, survival without cerebral palsy, neurosensory impairment or a Bayley III score below 85 at 2 years, did not differ between groups: 111 of 144 infants with known outcome (77%) in the cardiotocography group, 119 of 142 (84%) in the early ductus group and 133 of 157 (85%) in the late ductus group (p trend 0.09). The authors call the difference non-significant at the primary endpoint.

    Source problem. A cited source is corrected. Check the sources before relying on this claim.

    Applies to Child
    • Surviving infants of women with a singleton fetus at 26 to 32 weeks of gestation and very preterm fetal growth restriction (abdominal circumference below the 10th percentile and umbilical artery Doppler pulsatility index above the 95th percentile), assessed at 2 years of age. The mothers were randomly allocated; outcomes are counted in the infants who survived and had known outcome.
    • European multicentre trial; setting type not stated in the abstract
    • Europe (countries not named in the abstract)
    • Infant follow-up at 2 years of age; mothers were enrolled at 26 to 32 weeks of gestation
    • Gestational age 26 weeks 0 days to 32 weeks 0 days, measured at enrolment
    • Postnatal age Not reported
    Follow-up Survival without cerebral palsy, neurosensory impairment or a Bayley III developmental score below 85, at 2 years of age
    Certainty method
    Not assessed
    Limitations
    The trial was unblinded and in a narrow group (singleton fetuses, 26 to 32 weeks, severe early growth restriction). A comparison among survivors only found more infants free of neuroimpairment when delivery followed late ductus changes (133 of 140, 95%) than when it followed cardiotocography (111 of 131, 85%; p=0.005), but it was accompanied by a non-significant increase in perinatal and infant mortality, and it is not the primary result. The authors say delivery timed by late ductus changes might improve developmental outcomes at 2 years, which is a hypothesis, not a finding. The linked erratum (PMID 26068267) is a short Department of Error notice whose PubMed record carries no text, so what it corrected is not known. Only the abstract was read. A published correction exists; whether it changes this claim is not known.
    Last checked
    2026-10-14
    Next evidence check due
    Not scheduled
    Sources and citations (17)

    1. Supports 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial

      Publication · Lancet (London, England) · Edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not read. · Published 2015-05-30 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62049-3 · PMID: 25747582

      Locator
      Abstract, METHODS, sentence 1, fragment 1 of 2
      How it applies
      PubMed abstract.
      Retrieved
      Source effective date
      Not reported
      Source state
      Corrected
      Snapshot hash
      9d6dd73d9507de5c16f996b3c7557f0b87aafbf0f68e54474481274105191ca2
      Reuse basis
      PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.

    2. Supports 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial

      Publication · Lancet (London, England) · Edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not read. · Published 2015-05-30 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62049-3 · PMID: 25747582

      Locator
      Abstract, METHODS, sentence 1, fragment 2 of 2
      How it applies
      PubMed abstract.
      Retrieved
      Source effective date
      Not reported
      Source state
      Corrected
      Snapshot hash
      9d6dd73d9507de5c16f996b3c7557f0b87aafbf0f68e54474481274105191ca2
      Reuse basis
      PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.

    3. Supports 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial

      Publication · Lancet (London, England) · Edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not read. · Published 2015-05-30 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62049-3 · PMID: 25747582

      Locator
      Abstract, METHODS, sentence 2, fragment 1 of 4
      How it applies
      PubMed abstract.
      Retrieved
      Source effective date
      Not reported
      Source state
      Corrected
      Snapshot hash
      9d6dd73d9507de5c16f996b3c7557f0b87aafbf0f68e54474481274105191ca2
      Reuse basis
      PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.

    4. Supports 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial

      Publication · Lancet (London, England) · Edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not read. · Published 2015-05-30 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62049-3 · PMID: 25747582

      Locator
      Abstract, METHODS, sentence 2, fragment 2 of 4
      How it applies
      PubMed abstract.
      Retrieved
      Source effective date
      Not reported
      Source state
      Corrected
      Snapshot hash
      9d6dd73d9507de5c16f996b3c7557f0b87aafbf0f68e54474481274105191ca2
      Reuse basis
      PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.

    5. Supports 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial

      Publication · Lancet (London, England) · Edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not read. · Published 2015-05-30 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62049-3 · PMID: 25747582

      Locator
      Abstract, METHODS, sentence 2, fragment 3 of 4
      How it applies
      PubMed abstract.
      Retrieved
      Source effective date
      Not reported
      Source state
      Corrected
      Snapshot hash
      9d6dd73d9507de5c16f996b3c7557f0b87aafbf0f68e54474481274105191ca2
      Reuse basis
      PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.

    6. Supports 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial

      Publication · Lancet (London, England) · Edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not read. · Published 2015-05-30 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62049-3 · PMID: 25747582

      Locator
      Abstract, METHODS, sentence 2, fragment 4 of 4
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      PubMed abstract.
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      Snapshot hash
      9d6dd73d9507de5c16f996b3c7557f0b87aafbf0f68e54474481274105191ca2
      Reuse basis
      PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.

    7. Supports 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial

      Publication · Lancet (London, England) · Edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not read. · Published 2015-05-30 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62049-3 · PMID: 25747582

      Locator
      Abstract, METHODS, sentence 3, fragment 1 of 2
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      PubMed abstract.
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      Corrected
      Snapshot hash
      9d6dd73d9507de5c16f996b3c7557f0b87aafbf0f68e54474481274105191ca2
      Reuse basis
      PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.

    8. Supports 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial

      Publication · Lancet (London, England) · Edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not read. · Published 2015-05-30 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62049-3 · PMID: 25747582

      Locator
      Abstract, METHODS, sentence 3, fragment 2 of 2
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      PubMed abstract.
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      Snapshot hash
      9d6dd73d9507de5c16f996b3c7557f0b87aafbf0f68e54474481274105191ca2
      Reuse basis
      PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.

    9. Supports 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial

      Publication · Lancet (London, England) · Edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not read. · Published 2015-05-30 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62049-3 · PMID: 25747582

      Locator
      Abstract, FINDINGS, sentence 1, fragment 1 of 2
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      PubMed abstract.
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      Snapshot hash
      9d6dd73d9507de5c16f996b3c7557f0b87aafbf0f68e54474481274105191ca2
      Reuse basis
      PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.

    10. Supports 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial

      Publication · Lancet (London, England) · Edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not read. · Published 2015-05-30 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62049-3 · PMID: 25747582

      Locator
      Abstract, FINDINGS, sentence 3, fragment 1 of 2
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      PubMed abstract.
      Retrieved
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      Snapshot hash
      9d6dd73d9507de5c16f996b3c7557f0b87aafbf0f68e54474481274105191ca2
      Reuse basis
      PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.

    11. Supports 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial

      Publication · Lancet (London, England) · Edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not read. · Published 2015-05-30 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62049-3 · PMID: 25747582

      Locator
      Abstract, FINDINGS, sentence 3, fragment 2 of 2
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      PubMed abstract.
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      Snapshot hash
      9d6dd73d9507de5c16f996b3c7557f0b87aafbf0f68e54474481274105191ca2
      Reuse basis
      PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.

    12. Supports 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial

      Publication · Lancet (London, England) · Edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not read. · Published 2015-05-30 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62049-3 · PMID: 25747582

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      Abstract, INTERPRETATION, sentence 1, fragment 1 of 3
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      PubMed abstract.
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      9d6dd73d9507de5c16f996b3c7557f0b87aafbf0f68e54474481274105191ca2
      Reuse basis
      PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.

    13. Supports 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial

      Publication · Lancet (London, England) · Edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not read. · Published 2015-05-30 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62049-3 · PMID: 25747582

      Locator
      Abstract, INTERPRETATION, sentence 1, fragment 2 of 3
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      PubMed abstract.
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      9d6dd73d9507de5c16f996b3c7557f0b87aafbf0f68e54474481274105191ca2
      Reuse basis
      PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.

    14. Supports 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial

      Publication · Lancet (London, England) · Edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not read. · Published 2015-05-30 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62049-3 · PMID: 25747582

      Locator
      Abstract, INTERPRETATION, sentence 1, fragment 3 of 3
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      PubMed abstract.
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      Snapshot hash
      9d6dd73d9507de5c16f996b3c7557f0b87aafbf0f68e54474481274105191ca2
      Reuse basis
      PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.

    15. Supports 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial

      Publication · Lancet (London, England) · Edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not read. · Published 2015-05-30 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62049-3 · PMID: 25747582

      Locator
      Abstract, FINDINGS, sentence 5, fragment 1 of 3
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      PubMed abstract.
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      Source effective date
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      Corrected
      Snapshot hash
      9d6dd73d9507de5c16f996b3c7557f0b87aafbf0f68e54474481274105191ca2
      Reuse basis
      PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.

    16. Supports 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial

      Publication · Lancet (London, England) · Edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not read. · Published 2015-05-30 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62049-3 · PMID: 25747582

      Locator
      Abstract, FINDINGS, sentence 5, fragment 2 of 3
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      PubMed abstract.
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      Snapshot hash
      9d6dd73d9507de5c16f996b3c7557f0b87aafbf0f68e54474481274105191ca2
      Reuse basis
      PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.

    17. Supports 2 year neurodevelopmental and intermediate perinatal outcomes in infants with very preterm fetal growth restriction (TRUFFLE): a randomised trial

      Publication · Lancet (London, England) · Edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not read. · Published 2015-05-30 · DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62049-3 · PMID: 25747582

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      9d6dd73d9507de5c16f996b3c7557f0b87aafbf0f68e54474481274105191ca2
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      PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.

Record details

Record id
maternal:truffle-trial
Content hash
161b8532544afeb5b3b9c6f04671f57bbdcb468023503e2885f5721a630a5b21