{ "release_id": "c7fb95f1d15a7d13", "id": "maternal:who-fetal-growth-charts-study", "owner": "maternal", "kind": "study", "slug": "who-fetal-growth-charts-study", "name": "WHO fetal growth charts study", "aliases": [], "atlases": [ "maternal" ], "summary_plain": "A multi-country study, funded in part by the World Health Organization, that followed low-risk pregnancies of women in ten countries with seven scheduled ultrasound scans, to build fetal growth charts for use worldwide. The charts cover head, abdomen, thigh bone and arm bone measures and estimated fetal weight.", "summary_technical": "Multinational prospective observational longitudinal study (PLoS Medicine 2017). 1,387 women took part; 7,924 sets of ultrasound measurements from 14 to 40 weeks were analysed by quantile regression. The authors report differences between countries (for example in birth weight) as well as pooled charts. One of three growth standards that do not agree (see the bottleneck page). Three published corrections were read and are summarised in the claim; they concern a figure and two tables, not the counts quoted. Only the abstract was read; the PMC full text of the original was not used.", "editorial_state": "draft", "last_substantive_edit": "2026-10-14", "last_evidence_check": "2026-10-14", "next_review_due": null, "identifiers": [], "navigation": { "maternal": { "life-stage": [ "pregnancy" ], "care-area": [ "fetal-development" ] } }, "payload": { "design": "Multinational prospective observational longitudinal study of fetal growth in low-risk singleton pregnancies of women of high or middle socioeconomic status and without known environmental constraints on fetal growth. Participants had anthropometric and nutritional assessments and seven scheduled ultrasound examinations.", "drug_phase": null, "registry_statuses": [], "start_date": null, "primary_completion_date": null, "completion_date": null, "results_first_posted": null, "countries": [ { "code": "AR", "snapshot": "maternal:pubmed-28118360-2026-10-14" }, { "code": "BR", "snapshot": "maternal:pubmed-28118360-2026-10-14" }, { "code": "CD", "snapshot": "maternal:pubmed-28118360-2026-10-14" }, { "code": "DK", "snapshot": "maternal:pubmed-28118360-2026-10-14" }, { "code": "EG", "snapshot": "maternal:pubmed-28118360-2026-10-14" }, { "code": "FR", "snapshot": "maternal:pubmed-28118360-2026-10-14" }, { "code": "DE", "snapshot": "maternal:pubmed-28118360-2026-10-14" }, { "code": "IN", "snapshot": "maternal:pubmed-28118360-2026-10-14" }, { "code": "NO", "snapshot": "maternal:pubmed-28118360-2026-10-14" }, { "code": "TH", "snapshot": "maternal:pubmed-28118360-2026-10-14" } ], "care_setting": null, "stopped_early": null, "enrollment": [ { "count": 1387, "basis": "unknown", "unit": "women (the abstract: 1,387 participated in the study after 52 withdrew consent)", "snapshot": "maternal:pubmed-28118360-2026-10-14" } ], "arms": [], "findings": [] }, "content_digest": "35598897529f247aae30482f6b82a7c11e89a183b67062f2e259c4c930c4c2ac", "review": { "content_digest": "35598897529f247aae30482f6b82a7c11e89a183b67062f2e259c4c930c4c2ac", "current": [], "conflicting": [], "stale": [], "inactive": [] }, "claims": [ { "release_id": "c7fb95f1d15a7d13", "id": "maternal:claim-who-fetal-growth-charts", "owner": "maternal", "subject_entity_id": "maternal:who-fetal-growth-charts-study", "category": "descriptive", "statement": "In a multinational prospective longitudinal study of fetal growth in low-risk singleton pregnancies, centres in ten countries (Argentina, Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, India, Norway and Thailand) followed women of high or middle socioeconomic status without known environmental constraints on fetal growth. 1,387 women took part. 7,924 sets of ultrasound measurements were analysed to give longitudinal reference intervals for fetal head circumference, biparietal diameter, humerus length, abdominal circumference, femur length and estimated fetal weight. The authors report that growth of estimated fetal weight was asymmetric (a slightly wider spread among the lower percentiles early, shifting to a notably wider spread among the higher percentiles late in pregnancy), and that there were significant differences in growth between countries and in birth weight (India had significantly smaller neonates than the other countries, even after adjusting for gestational age).", "context": { "id": "maternal:ctx-who-fetal-charts-fetuses", "label": "Fetuses of low-risk women of high or middle socioeconomic status, ten countries (WHO fetal growth charts study)", "recipient": "fetal", "population": "Fetuses of women with low-risk singleton pregnancies, of high or middle socioeconomic status and without known environmental constraints on fetal growth, with reliable last menstrual period and gestational age confirmed by crown-rump length at 8 to 13 weeks. 1,387 women took part. The women are the people recruited; the fetuses are the people measured.", "care_setting": "Centres in ten countries (setting type not stated in the abstract)", "geography": "Ten countries: Argentina, Brazil, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, India, Norway and Thailand", "life_stage_note": "Pregnancy; measurements taken at 14 to 40 weeks were selected for analysis", "life_stage_terms": { "maternal": [ "pregnancy" ] }, "gestational_age_min_days": 98, "gestational_age_max_days": 280, "gestational_age_basis": "at_measurement", "postnatal_age_min_days": null, "postnatal_age_max_days": null, "gestational_age_status": null, "postnatal_age_status": null, "followup_description": "Seven scheduled ultrasound examinations during pregnancy; outcomes of pregnancy recorded", "eligibility": { "inclusion": [ "Low-risk singleton pregnancy", "High or middle socioeconomic status, without known environmental constraints on fetal growth", "Reliable last menstrual period and gestational age confirmed by crown-rump length at 8 to 13 weeks" ], "exclusion": [ "Not stated in the parts of the source that were read." ] } }, "evidence_stage": "observational", "certainty": "not_assessed", "certainty_method": null, "limitations": "The cohort is selected on low risk and socioeconomic status, so the charts describe growth under favourable conditions, not every pregnancy. The abstract reports differences between countries as well as pooled charts. Three published corrections exist (PMIDs 28339475, 29194459 and 33411728) and were read: one says a computational error affected Fig 1, Table 12 and Table 13 (the percentile figure and the femur-length ratio tables), one republishes that correction to fix an erroneous image, and one says the title and caption of Table 12 do not match its table. The counts, country list and descriptions cited here come from the abstract and are not those tables, but the abstract's remark on the spread of estimated fetal weight was not re-checked against the corrected Fig 1. Only the abstract was read.", "editorial_state": "draft", "checked_at": "2026-10-14", "next_review_due": null, "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "citations": [ { "evidence_role": "supports", "locator": "Abstract, METHODS AND FINDINGS, sentence 1, fragment 1 of 2", "applicability_note": "PubMed abstract.", "snapshot": { "id": "maternal:pubmed-28118360-2026-10-14", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-14T18:18:26Z", "content_hash": "fef4f80ba7dca49a93b351cca22d726cff6c85571a2e50a63669751dfbff55c6", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "corrected" }, "source": { "id": "maternal:pubmed-10-1371-journal-pmed-1002220", "source_type": "publication", "title": "The World Health Organization Fetal Growth Charts: A Multinational Longitudinal Study of Ultrasound Biometric Measurements and Estimated Fetal Weight", "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002220", "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "doi", "value": "10.1371/journal.pmed.1002220", "normalized_value": "10.1371/journal.pmed.1002220", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false }, { "scheme": "pmid", "value": "28118360", "normalized_value": "28118360", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false } ], "publication_date": "2017-01-24", "publisher": "PLoS medicine", "edition": "PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. 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