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  "slug": "who-code-breast-milk-substitutes",
  "name": "International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes",
  "aliases": [],
  "atlases": [
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  "summary_plain": "A 1981 international code, adopted by the World Health Assembly, about how breast-milk substitutes such as infant formula are marketed. This page records its history from WHO's publication page. It does not summarise the Code's rules.",
  "summary_technical": "WHO publication ISBN 92-4-154160-1, 36 pages, who.int page date 27 January 1981 (earlier than the adoption on 21 May 1981 that the same page describes). The page says the 1974 World Health Assembly noted a decline in breastfeeding linked to several factors including manufactured substitutes, and that the Assembly adopted the code on 21 May 1981 by 118 votes. The PDF in WHO's repository has no text layer and was not read, so no Article of the Code is recorded here.",
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      "care-area": [
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    "contents": "The text of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (WHO, 1981); not read for this atlas beyond the publication page.",
    "access": "Open publication page on who.int and the WHO IRIS repository.",
    "license": "Not stated on the page read; WHO terms of use allow short quotations with acknowledgment."
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      "category": "descriptive",
      "statement": "The who.int page for the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes says the 27th World Health Assembly in 1974 noted a general decline in breastfeeding related to several factors, including the production of manufactured breast-milk substitutes. It says the 33rd World Health Assembly, in May 1980, endorsed the statement and recommendations of a joint WHO/UNICEF meeting and made particular mention of the recommendation that there should be an international code of marketing of infant formula and other products used as breast-milk substitutes, and that in May 1981 the Health Assembly debated the issue and adopted the code, as proposed, on 21 May by 118 votes.",
      "context": {
        "id": "maternal:ctx-who-code-global",
        "label": "Marketing of breast-milk substitutes worldwide (WHO Code, as the who.int page describes its history)",
        "recipient": "not_applicable",
        "population": "Not a clinical population. The context is the policy setting in which the World Health Assembly dealt with the marketing of breast-milk substitutes.",
        "care_setting": "Not applicable (international public health policy).",
        "geography": "Global (World Health Assembly)",
        "life_stage_note": "Not applicable",
        "life_stage_terms": {
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        "postnatal_age_status": null,
        "followup_description": "Not applicable (policy history).",
        "eligibility": {
          "inclusion": [
            "Not applicable"
          ],
          "exclusion": [
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      "evidence_stage": "guidance",
      "certainty": "not_assessed",
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      "limitations": "Only the page overview was read. The Code's text is in a 1981 WHO document whose PDF has no text layer in the IRIS copy, and nothing in this repository quotes it, so no provision of the Code is recorded here. The who.int page date of 27 January 1981 is earlier than the adoption on 21 May 1981 that the page describes; the atlas keeps the page date as its rule for WHO sources.",
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