{ "release_id": "fc5a600ec7387e71", "id": "maternal:stillbirth", "owner": "maternal", "kind": "condition", "slug": "stillbirth", "name": "Stillbirth", "aliases": [], "atlases": [ "maternal" ], "summary_plain": "The death of a baby in the womb at or after the 20th week of pregnancy. It can happen before or during delivery. In many cases the cause remains unknown. In a large US study that examined stillbirths in detail, a probable cause was found in about six in ten, most often a problem with the pregnancy itself or with the placenta.", "summary_technical": "Condition of the fetus (recipient fetal), defined in MedlinePlus and by the NIH as fetal death at or after 20 weeks. The Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network (JAMA 2011) assigned a probable cause in 60.9% of 512 examined stillbirths; obstetric conditions and placental abnormalities were the most common causes. The AFFIRM trial (UK and Ireland, 2014 to 2016) found that a care package for reduced fetal movements did not reduce stillbirth. Burden figures: 1 in 160 US pregnancies (2011 report) and a 2015 worldwide estimate of 2.6 million.", "editorial_state": "draft", "last_substantive_edit": "2026-10-14", "last_evidence_check": "2026-10-14", "next_review_due": null, "identifiers": [], "navigation": { "maternal": { "life-stage": [ "pregnancy", "childbirth" ], "care-area": [ "fetal-development" ] } }, "payload": { "recognition": "Fetal death from the 20th week of pregnancy onward, as MedlinePlus and the NIH define it; before delivery the diagnosis is made by checking whether the fetus's heart is beating (MedlinePlus)", "assessment": null, "burden_claims": [ "maternal:claim-scrn-stillbirth-burden-us", "maternal:claim-stillbirth-global-2015" ] }, "content_digest": "63d486a7d0503084ad112703b75986a8e5837cb2a7e716aabe9939fb60900921", "review": { "content_digest": "63d486a7d0503084ad112703b75986a8e5837cb2a7e716aabe9939fb60900921", "current": [], "conflicting": [], "stale": [], "inactive": [] }, "claims": [ { "release_id": "fc5a600ec7387e71", "id": "maternal:claim-scrn-stillbirth-burden-us", "owner": "maternal", "subject_entity_id": "maternal:stillbirth", "category": "burden", "statement": "A 2011 report from the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network says stillbirth affects 1 in 160 pregnancies in the United States, equal to the number of infant deaths each year. It adds that rates are higher than in other developed countries and have stagnated over the past decade, and that there is a significant racial disparity in the rate of stillbirth that is unexplained.", "context": { "id": "maternal:ctx-us-pregnancies-stillbirth", "label": "Pregnancies in the United States, stillbirth rate reported in 2011", "recipient": "fetal", "population": "All pregnancies in the United States, as described in the background of a 2011 research report. This is a statement about a rate, not a study population.", "care_setting": "Not applicable", "geography": "United States", "life_stage_note": "Pregnancy and birth", "life_stage_terms": { "maternal": [ "pregnancy", "childbirth" ] }, "gestational_age_min_days": null, "gestational_age_max_days": null, "gestational_age_basis": null, "postnatal_age_min_days": null, "postnatal_age_max_days": null, "gestational_age_status": null, "postnatal_age_status": null, "followup_description": "Not stated in the parts of the source that were read.", "eligibility": { "inclusion": [], "exclusion": [ "Not stated in the parts of the source that were read." ] } }, "evidence_stage": "observational", "certainty": "not_assessed", "certainty_method": null, "limitations": "These are background statements in the abstract of a 2011 report, quoted without their own source, and rates may have changed since. They describe the United States only. Only the abstract was read.", "editorial_state": "draft", "checked_at": "2026-10-14", "next_review_due": null, "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "citations": [ { "evidence_role": "supports", "locator": "Abstract, CONTEXT, sentence 1", "applicability_note": "PubMed abstract.", "snapshot": { "id": "maternal:pubmed-22166605-2026-10-14", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-14T18:18:39Z", "content_hash": "272e61d932ffe7f3ecf5e267e81a532966ffed45cbdb81ce538e3cf73a176058", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "maternal:pubmed-10-1001-jama-2011-1823", "source_type": "publication", "title": "Causes of death among stillbirths", "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.1823", "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "doi", "value": "10.1001/jama.2011.1823", "normalized_value": "10.1001/jama.2011.1823", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false }, { "scheme": "pmid", "value": "22166605", "normalized_value": "22166605", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false } ], "publication_date": "2011-12-14", "publisher": "JAMA", "edition": "PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. 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AFFIRM has a published correction that was read; it concerns Table 2 and the stillbirth definition (22 weeks or later) and does not change the primary outcome.", "editorial_state": "draft", "checked_at": "2026-10-14", "next_review_due": null, "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "citations": [ { "evidence_role": "supports", "locator": "Abstract, BACKGROUND, sentence 1", "applicability_note": "PubMed abstract.", "snapshot": { "id": "maternal:pubmed-30269876-2026-10-14", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-14T18:18:39Z", "content_hash": "006e9645dc5dfc95994f53fb1c3790e59ca744c8b7afde854e6ff8ae3ef43bf3", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "corrected" }, "source": { "id": "maternal:pubmed-10-1016-s0140-6736-18-31543-5", "source_type": "publication", "title": "Awareness of fetal movements and care package to reduce fetal mortality (AFFIRM): a stepped wedge, cluster-randomised trial", "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31543-5", "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "doi", "value": "10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31543-5", "normalized_value": "10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31543-5", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false }, { "scheme": "pmid", "value": "30269876", "normalized_value": "30269876", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false } ], "publication_date": "2018-11-03", "publisher": "Lancet (London, England)", "edition": "PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, retrieved 2026-10-14. 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