{
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  "id": "maternal:perinatal-depression",
  "owner": "maternal",
  "kind": "condition",
  "slug": "perinatal-depression",
  "name": "Perinatal depression (mother)",
  "aliases": [],
  "atlases": [
    "maternal"
  ],
  "summary_plain": "Depression that starts during pregnancy or after a baby is born. It can range from mild to severe, can make it hard to do daily tasks or care for a baby, and can be treated. NIMH says most episodes begin within the first 4 to 8 weeks after the birth. The short, milder low mood often called the baby blues is a different thing.",
  "summary_technical": "NIMH describes perinatal depression as a mood disorder that occurs during pregnancy and after childbirth, with symptoms from mild to severe. It includes depression in pregnancy (prenatal depression) and in the weeks and months after birth (postpartum depression, recorded as a subtype). The US Preventive Services Task Force says it affects as many as 1 in 7 women (see the claim on this page). NIMH names cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy as evidence-based therapies and says treatment usually includes therapy, medication, or both. US regulators have approved two medicines specifically for postpartum depression, brexanolone by infusion and zuranolone by mouth, each recorded in the atlas with its trials. The recipient is the pregnant or postpartum woman. Effects on the baby are not covered by the claims recorded here and would sit in their own contexts.",
  "editorial_state": "draft",
  "last_substantive_edit": "2026-10-14",
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        "pregnancy",
        "postpartum"
      ],
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      ]
    }
  },
  "payload": {
    "recognition": "NIMH lists symptoms such as a persistent sad, anxious or empty mood, loss of interest in usual activities, fatigue, trouble sleeping, trouble bonding with the baby, and thoughts of death or of harming oneself or the baby. Women with any of these symptoms are advised by NIMH to see a health care provider.",
    "assessment": "NIMH says a health care provider can determine whether symptoms are due to perinatal depression or something else. Screening questionnaires used in pregnancy and after birth are described on the screening page.",
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      "category": "burden",
      "statement": "The US Preventive Services Task Force describes perinatal depression as the occurrence of a depressive disorder during pregnancy or following childbirth. It says perinatal depression affects as many as 1 in 7 women and is one of the most common complications of pregnancy and the postpartum period, and that it is well established that it can result in adverse short- and long-term effects on both the woman and child.",
      "context": {
        "id": "maternal:ctx-women-in-pregnancy-or-after-childbirth-perinatal-depression",
        "label": "Women in pregnancy or after childbirth (USPSTF description of perinatal depression, 2019)",
        "recipient": "maternal",
        "population": "Women in pregnancy or following childbirth. The USPSTF abstract gives the figure of as many as 1 in 7 women without stating a country, year or study for it.",
        "care_setting": "Not stated in the abstract.",
        "geography": "Not stated for the figure. The statement is a US recommendation.",
        "life_stage_note": "Pregnancy and after childbirth",
        "life_stage_terms": {
          "maternal": [
            "pregnancy",
            "postpartum"
          ]
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        "gestational_age_min_days": null,
        "gestational_age_max_days": null,
        "gestational_age_basis": null,
        "postnatal_age_min_days": null,
        "postnatal_age_max_days": null,
        "gestational_age_status": null,
        "postnatal_age_status": null,
        "followup_description": "Not applicable",
        "eligibility": {
          "inclusion": [
            "Women in pregnancy or after childbirth"
          ],
          "exclusion": [
            "Not stated in the abstract"
          ]
        }
      },
      "evidence_stage": "guidance",
      "certainty": "not_assessed",
      "certainty_method": null,
      "limitations": "This is the importance paragraph of the USPSTF statement's abstract, which gives no source, country, year or definition for the 1 in 7 figure; as many as 1 in 7 is an upper figure, not an average. The atlas read only the abstract. Other organisations publish different prevalence figures; none is used here.",
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      "checked_at": "2026-10-14",
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