{ "release_id": "c7fb95f1d15a7d13", "id": "maternal:perinatal-depression-prevention-counselling", "owner": "maternal", "kind": "intervention", "slug": "perinatal-depression-prevention-counselling", "name": "Counselling to prevent perinatal depression", "aliases": [], "atlases": [ "maternal" ], "summary_plain": "Talk-based support, such as cognitive behavioral therapy or interpersonal therapy, offered to pregnant and postpartum people who are at higher risk of developing depression, with the aim of preventing it. In 2019 the US Preventive Services Task Force recommended that clinicians provide or refer people at increased risk to this kind of counselling.", "summary_technical": "USPSTF 2019 (B recommendation): provide or refer pregnant and postpartum persons at increased risk to counselling interventions; convincing evidence that cognitive behavioral and interpersonal therapy are effective in preventing perinatal depression; harms bounded as no greater than small; moderate certainty of moderate net benefit; inadequate evidence for non-counselling interventions (see the claim on this page). One randomised trial of a group intervention based on interpersonal therapy in 205 pregnant women on public assistance found depression rates of 16% against 31% at 6 months (see the second claim). NIMH separately names cognitive behavioral and interpersonal therapy as evidence-based therapies for treating perinatal depression; this page is about prevention. The USPSTF guideline record is linked through the claim; it links to the shared USPSTF record in core. The recipient is the pregnant or postpartum person.", "editorial_state": "draft", "last_substantive_edit": "2026-10-14", "last_evidence_check": "2026-10-14", "next_review_due": null, "identifiers": [], "navigation": { "maternal": { "life-stage": [ "pregnancy", "postpartum" ], "care-area": [ "maternal-mental-health" ] } }, "payload": { "subtype": "service", "mechanism": null, "components": null }, "content_digest": "2dd88782d10451597d1b9be40f49f57d52a48eb53d2a1ba0d2b5bc8f2f898dff", "review": { "content_digest": "2dd88782d10451597d1b9be40f49f57d52a48eb53d2a1ba0d2b5bc8f2f898dff", "current": [], "conflicting": [], "stale": [], "inactive": [] }, "claims": [ { "release_id": "c7fb95f1d15a7d13", "id": "maternal:claim-ipt-group-intervention-ppd-prevention-public-assistance", "owner": "maternal", "subject_entity_id": "maternal:perinatal-depression-prevention-counselling", "category": "effect", "statement": "In a randomized controlled trial of 205 pregnant women aged 18 or older who were on public assistance and at risk for postpartum depression, a group intervention based on the principles of interpersonal therapy (n=104) was compared with a treatment-as-usual programme (n=101). At 6 months the overall depression rate was 16% in the intervention group and 31% in the control group, a difference the authors report as statistically significant at p<0.05.", "context": { "id": "maternal:ctx-pregnant-women-on-public-assistance-at-risk-of-ppd", "label": "Pregnant women aged 18 or older on public assistance and at risk of postpartum depression", "recipient": "maternal", "population": "205 pregnant women aged 18 years or older, on public assistance and at risk for postpartum depression (mean age 23; 38% Hispanic and 23% Black), randomized to a group intervention based on interpersonal therapy (n=104) or a treatment-as-usual programme (n=101).", "care_setting": "Not stated in the abstract.", "geography": "Not stated in the abstract.", "life_stage_note": "Pregnancy, with the depression rate assessed 6 months postpartum", "life_stage_terms": { "maternal": [ "pregnancy", "postpartum" ] }, "gestational_age_min_days": null, "gestational_age_max_days": null, "gestational_age_basis": null, "postnatal_age_min_days": null, "postnatal_age_max_days": null, "gestational_age_status": null, "postnatal_age_status": null, "followup_description": "Depression rate at 6 months (abstract).", "eligibility": { "inclusion": [ "Pregnant", "Aged 18 years or older", "On public assistance", "At risk for postpartum depression" ], "exclusion": [ "Not stated in the abstract" ] } }, "evidence_stage": "interventional", "certainty": "not_assessed", "certainty_method": null, "limitations": "Only the PubMed abstract was read. The authors note it is unknown whether the findings generalize to a more heterogeneous sample of women, such as women from a range of socio-economic and cultural backgrounds, or marital status, and that the amount of contact differed between the treatment-as-usual and intervention conditions. The abstract names no country or setting and gives no confidence interval. 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It found convincing evidence that counselling such as cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy is effective in preventing perinatal depression, bounded the potential harms of counselling as no greater than small, and concluded with moderate certainty that referral of people at increased risk has a moderate net benefit. It found inadequate evidence on the benefits and harms of other, non-counselling interventions.", "context": { "id": "maternal:ctx-uspstf-2019-pregnant-postpartum-increased-risk", "label": "Pregnant and postpartum persons at increased risk of perinatal depression (USPSTF, 2019)", "recipient": "maternal", "population": "Pregnant and postpartum persons who are at increased risk of perinatal depression. The USPSTF says women with a history of depression, current depressive symptoms, or certain socioeconomic risk factors (for example low income, or young or single parenthood) could be considered at increased risk.", "care_setting": "Clinical care in which clinicians can provide or refer to counselling. The abstract names no setting.", "geography": "United States (USPSTF recommendation statement)", "life_stage_note": "Pregnancy and postpartum", "life_stage_terms": { "maternal": [ "pregnancy", "postpartum" ] }, "gestational_age_min_days": null, "gestational_age_max_days": null, "gestational_age_basis": null, "postnatal_age_min_days": null, "postnatal_age_max_days": null, "gestational_age_status": null, "postnatal_age_status": null, "followup_description": "Not applicable (recommendation context)", "eligibility": { "inclusion": [ "Pregnant or postpartum", "At increased risk of perinatal depression" ], "exclusion": [ "People not at increased risk: the USPSTF statement addresses those at increased risk" ] } }, "evidence_stage": "guidance", "certainty": "not_assessed", "certainty_method": null, "limitations": "Only the PubMed abstract of the JAMA statement was read, not the full statement or its evidence review. 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