{ "release_id": "c7fb95f1d15a7d13", "id": "maternal:newborn-screening", "owner": "maternal", "kind": "care_topic", "slug": "newborn-screening", "name": "Newborn screening", "aliases": [ "Newborn screening tests", "Heel-prick test" ], "atlases": [ "maternal" ], "summary_plain": "Tests that every newborn is offered before going home: a few drops of blood from the heel, a hearing test and a skin test of blood oxygen. They look for serious conditions that can be treated early. A screening test does not diagnose a problem; if it is positive, more testing follows.", "summary_technical": "MedlinePlus lists the heel-prick blood tests, the hearing test and the oxygen skin test. NICHD says US programmes screen about 4 million infants a year and that each state decides which conditions it screens for. In 2006 an expert panel commissioned by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau from the American College of Medical Genetics named 29 conditions that every state programme should screen for, and 25 more; NICHD now says a government committee recommends more than 30 core and 26 secondary conditions. Which conditions a given state tests for is not recorded here.", "editorial_state": "draft", "last_substantive_edit": "2026-10-14", "last_evidence_check": null, "next_review_due": null, "identifiers": [], "navigation": { "maternal": { "life-stage": [ "newborn" ], "care-area": [ "newborn-care" ] } }, "payload": { "scope": "Screening tests offered to every newborn before leaving hospital: the heel-prick blood spot, the hearing test and pulse-oximetry screening for heart defects", "life_stages": [ "newborn" ], "life_stage_terms": { "maternal": [ "newborn" ] }, "care_setting": null }, "content_digest": "8f83865376dc5daffaf41a1172233e81a3cef1af03d9d625236ec07824f8222a", "review": { "content_digest": "8f83865376dc5daffaf41a1172233e81a3cef1af03d9d625236ec07824f8222a", "current": [], "conflicting": [], "stale": [], "inactive": [] }, "claims": [ { "release_id": "c7fb95f1d15a7d13", "id": "maternal:claim-acmg-uniform-panel", "owner": "maternal", "subject_entity_id": "maternal:newborn-screening", "category": "descriptive", "statement": "A 2006 expert panel, set up by the American College of Medical Genetics at the request of the Maternal and Child Health Bureau, named 29 conditions that every state programme should screen for. It listed 25 more that are not core targets: conditions that can be mistaken for a core one, serious conditions with no proven treatment, and findings that turn up by chance. The panel's aim was one recommended panel of conditions for state programmes. NICHD now says a government committee of experts recommends screening for more than 30 core and 26 secondary conditions, and that each state decides which conditions it screens for.", "context": { "id": "maternal:ctx-newborns-general", "label": "Newborn babies in general (MedlinePlus and NICHD health information)", "recipient": "newborn", "population": "Newborn babies. The sources set no limits of gestational age, birth weight or setting.", "care_setting": "Not stated in the source.", "geography": "United States programmes are described by NICHD; MedlinePlus names no country.", "life_stage_note": "Newborn period", "life_stage_terms": { "maternal": [ "newborn" ] }, "gestational_age_min_days": null, "gestational_age_max_days": null, "gestational_age_basis": null, "postnatal_age_min_days": null, "postnatal_age_max_days": null, "gestational_age_status": null, "postnatal_age_status": null, "followup_description": "Not applicable: general health information.", "eligibility": { "inclusion": [ "Newborn babies" ], "exclusion": [] } }, "evidence_stage": "guidance", "certainty": "not_assessed", "certainty_method": null, "limitations": "The 2006 panel report is old and the panel list has since changed, as the NICHD figures show. The source article states no Creative Commons licence and this atlas treats it as cite only, so the statement is in the atlas's own words. Only the abstract and the PMC executive summary were read.", "editorial_state": "draft", "checked_at": null, "next_review_due": null, "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "citations": [ { "evidence_role": "supports", "locator": "Abstract, sentences 1 to 3", "applicability_note": "The 2006 panel and its conditions.", "snapshot": { "id": "maternal:pubmed-16783161-2026-10-14", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-14T18:23:59Z", "content_hash": "2d742f60453951df0599b5810645e0b920c40bd21b4e2be8f01f8f0c0bdae04d", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "maternal:pubmed-10-1097-01-gim-0000223891-82390-ad", "source_type": "publication", "title": "Newborn screening: toward a uniform screening panel and system", "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/01.gim.0000223891.82390.ad", "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "doi", "value": "10.1097/01.gim.0000223891.82390.ad", "normalized_value": "10.1097/01.gim.0000223891.82390.ad", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false }, { "scheme": "pmid", "value": "16783161", "normalized_value": "16783161", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false }, { "scheme": "pmcid", "value": "PMC3111605", "normalized_value": "PMC3111605", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false } ], "publication_date": null, "publisher": "Genetics in Medicine (American College of Medical Genetics)", "edition": "PubMed record plus the PMC Open Access copy (PMC3111605, headed Executive Summary). The PMC metadata states no Creative Commons licence.", "reuse_basis": "The PMC article states no Creative Commons licence and the PubMed abstract may carry publisher copyright, so only the hashes of both fetches are kept. Public pages cite this source and state its facts in the atlas own words, with no quoted span (cite_only).", "public_text": "cite_only" } }, { "evidence_role": "context", "locator": "Journal, JournalIssue (Volume, Issue, PubDate)", "applicability_note": "Year of the panel report.", "snapshot": { "id": "maternal:pubmed-16783161-2026-10-14", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-14T18:23:59Z", "content_hash": "2d742f60453951df0599b5810645e0b920c40bd21b4e2be8f01f8f0c0bdae04d", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "maternal:pubmed-10-1097-01-gim-0000223891-82390-ad", "source_type": "publication", "title": "Newborn screening: toward a uniform screening panel and system", "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/01.gim.0000223891.82390.ad", "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "doi", "value": "10.1097/01.gim.0000223891.82390.ad", "normalized_value": "10.1097/01.gim.0000223891.82390.ad", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false }, { "scheme": "pmid", "value": "16783161", "normalized_value": "16783161", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false }, { "scheme": "pmcid", "value": "PMC3111605", "normalized_value": "PMC3111605", "match": "exact", "version": null, "label": null, "from_source": false } ], "publication_date": null, "publisher": "Genetics in Medicine (American College of Medical Genetics)", "edition": "PubMed record plus the PMC Open Access copy (PMC3111605, headed Executive Summary). The PMC metadata states no Creative Commons licence.", "reuse_basis": "The PMC article states no Creative Commons licence and the PubMed abstract may carry publisher copyright, so only the hashes of both fetches are kept. Public pages cite this source and state its facts in the atlas own words, with no quoted span (cite_only).", "public_text": "cite_only" } }, { "evidence_role": "supports", "locator": "General Information, What disorders are newborns screened for in the United States?", "applicability_note": "The current NICHD description of the recommended conditions.", "snapshot": { "id": "maternal:nichd-newborn-screening-2026-10-14", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-14T18:24:18Z", "content_hash": "493bccf117dac3714f8114b33280c59e17c93f9b70cf03deb3cf5e313a5bc513", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "maternal:nichd-newborn-screening", "source_type": "webpage", "title": "Newborn Screening (NICHD health topic page)", "canonical_url": "https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/newborn", "identifiers": [], "publication_date": null, "publisher": "Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH", "edition": "Page as fetched on 2026-10-14 (mh-nichd-newborn.html). The page lists its content owner as the NICHD Office of Communications and a last reviewed date of 9/1/2017.", "reuse_basis": "NICHD states that most text on its website is in the public domain and not subject to copyright, and asks for the credit line Courtesy: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD website copyright and reuse notice, fetched as mh-nichd-disclaimer.html, sha256 08010c9291ae905c92c643e1625556614b3f7e6da0a7fd7b20af1781b66b3adf). Images and logos are not reused. The page bytes are not committed.", "public_text": "quote" } } ], "review": { "content_digest": "15969166bdae79c88cf8b331e19d040d2c4a659ce245c351f0cc324453bd3ba2", "current": [], "conflicting": [], "stale": [], "inactive": [] }, "api_path": "api/v1/claims/maternal--claim-acmg-uniform-panel.json" }, { "release_id": "c7fb95f1d15a7d13", "id": "maternal:claim-newborn-screening-nichd", "owner": "maternal", "subject_entity_id": "maternal:newborn-screening", "category": "descriptive", "statement": "MedlinePlus says every newborn has screening tests before leaving hospital and that the tests can differ by state. NICHD says US programmes screen about 4 million infants each year, that screening detects treatable disorders so that treatment can begin early, that babies have a heel stick in the first 24 to 48 hours, and that screening tests do not diagnose a problem but show that one might exist.", "context": { "id": "maternal:ctx-newborns-general", "label": "Newborn babies in general (MedlinePlus and NICHD health information)", "recipient": "newborn", "population": "Newborn babies. The sources set no limits of gestational age, birth weight or setting.", "care_setting": "Not stated in the source.", "geography": "United States programmes are described by NICHD; MedlinePlus names no country.", "life_stage_note": "Newborn period", "life_stage_terms": { "maternal": [ "newborn" ] }, "gestational_age_min_days": null, "gestational_age_max_days": null, "gestational_age_basis": null, "postnatal_age_min_days": null, "postnatal_age_max_days": null, "gestational_age_status": null, "postnatal_age_status": null, "followup_description": "Not applicable: general health information.", "eligibility": { "inclusion": [ "Newborn babies" ], "exclusion": [] } }, "evidence_stage": "not_applicable", "certainty": "not_assessed", "certainty_method": null, "limitations": "Consumer and agency health information, not a trial. The NICHD page lists a last reviewed date of 9/1/2017, so its figures may have changed. The conditions screened for differ by state.", "editorial_state": "draft", "checked_at": null, "next_review_due": null, "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null, "citations": [ { "evidence_role": "supports", "locator": "Introduction and General Information", "applicability_note": "NICHD description of the programme.", "snapshot": { "id": "maternal:nichd-newborn-screening-2026-10-14", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-14T18:24:18Z", "content_hash": "493bccf117dac3714f8114b33280c59e17c93f9b70cf03deb3cf5e313a5bc513", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "maternal:nichd-newborn-screening", "source_type": "webpage", "title": "Newborn Screening (NICHD health topic page)", "canonical_url": "https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/newborn", "identifiers": [], "publication_date": null, "publisher": "Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH", "edition": "Page as fetched on 2026-10-14 (mh-nichd-newborn.html). The page lists its content owner as the NICHD Office of Communications and a last reviewed date of 9/1/2017.", "reuse_basis": "NICHD states that most text on its website is in the public domain and not subject to copyright, and asks for the credit line Courtesy: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD website copyright and reuse notice, fetched as mh-nichd-disclaimer.html, sha256 08010c9291ae905c92c643e1625556614b3f7e6da0a7fd7b20af1781b66b3adf). Images and logos are not reused. The page bytes are not committed.", "public_text": "quote" } }, { "evidence_role": "supports", "locator": "Summary, paragraph 1", "applicability_note": "MedlinePlus summary of the tests.", "snapshot": { "id": "maternal:medlineplus-newbornscreening-2026-10-14", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-14T18:24:17Z", "content_hash": "a0a9fa87987acdee782d566b48840d1a68724f592ce27654b780ea5065a6e3bc", "source_effective_date": null, "public_archive_url": null, "source_state": "current" }, "source": { "id": "maternal:medlineplus-newbornscreening", "source_type": "webpage", "title": "Newborn Screening (MedlinePlus health topic)", "canonical_url": "https://medlineplus.gov/newbornscreening.html", "identifiers": [], "publication_date": null, "publisher": "MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine", "edition": "Health topic page as fetched on 2026-10-14 (mh-medlineplus-newbornscreening.html). 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Medical Encyclopedia articles (/ency/) and drug monographs are licensed content and are not used.", "public_text": "quote" } } ], "review": { "content_digest": "7744fabfd415c53c1f3011111bae4f4c932739d6b4eb878d703fa1c902fdb074", "current": [], "conflicting": [], "stale": [], "inactive": [] }, "api_path": "api/v1/claims/maternal--claim-newborn-screening-nichd.json" } ], "decisions": [], "milestones": [], "relationships": { "outgoing": [ { "predicate": "related_to", "label": "MedlinePlus health information on this subject", "clinical_claim_not_fact": false, "family": "navigation", "other_entity_id": "core:medlineplus", "other_entity_in_atlas": true, "claim_id": null, "evidence": null, "primary": false, "role": null, "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null }, { "predicate": "part_of", "label": "Routine newborn checks", "clinical_claim_not_fact": false, "family": "navigation", "other_entity_id": "maternal:essential-newborn-care", "other_entity_in_atlas": true, "claim_id": null, "evidence": null, "primary": false, "role": null, "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null }, { "predicate": "part_of", "label": "Filed under this front", "clinical_claim_not_fact": false, "family": "navigation", "other_entity_id": "maternal:front-screening-and-tests", "other_entity_in_atlas": true, "claim_id": null, "evidence": null, "primary": true, "role": null, "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null } ], "incoming": [ { "predicate": "related_to", "label": "Related to", "clinical_claim_not_fact": false, "family": "navigation", "other_entity_id": "maternal:newborn-hearing-screening", "other_entity_in_atlas": true, "claim_id": null, "evidence": null, "primary": false, "role": null, "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null }, { "predicate": "related_to", "label": "Related to", "clinical_claim_not_fact": false, "family": "navigation", "other_entity_id": "maternal:pulse-oximetry-cchd-screening", "other_entity_in_atlas": true, "claim_id": null, "evidence": null, "primary": false, "role": null, "valid_from": null, "valid_to": null } ] }, "page_path": "care-topics/newborn-screening/", "context_path": "api/v1/context/maternal--newborn-screening.md" }