{
  "release_id": "c7fb95f1d15a7d13",
  "id": "maternal:hapo-study",
  "owner": "maternal",
  "kind": "study",
  "slug": "hapo-study",
  "name": "HAPO study (Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome)",
  "aliases": [
    "HAPO"
  ],
  "atlases": [
    "maternal"
  ],
  "summary_plain": "A large international study that tested the blood sugar of pregnant women with a 75 g glucose drink at 24 to 32 weeks and then followed what happened at birth. It found that higher blood sugar went with more large babies, more high insulin-related C-peptide in cord blood and more caesarean births, with no clear point at which risk suddenly rose.",
  "summary_technical": "Observational, blinded cohort. 25,505 pregnant women at 15 centers in nine countries had 75-g oral glucose-tolerance testing at 24 to 32 weeks of gestation; the analysis is of the 23,316 participants with blinded data. Results are recorded as adjusted odds ratios per 1 standard deviation in two claims on this page, one for the baby and one for the mother. The IADPSG consensus report drew on HAPO for its diagnostic thresholds. The PubMed abstract does not name the centers or countries, so none are recorded.",
  "editorial_state": "draft",
  "last_substantive_edit": "2026-10-14",
  "last_evidence_check": "2026-10-14",
  "next_review_due": null,
  "identifiers": [],
  "navigation": {
    "maternal": {
      "life-stage": [
        "pregnancy",
        "newborn"
      ],
      "care-area": [
        "pregnancy-conditions"
      ]
    }
  },
  "payload": {
    "design": "Observational cohort with blinded glucose results: 75-g oral glucose-tolerance test at 24 to 32 weeks of gestation; data stayed blinded if the fasting plasma glucose was 105 mg per deciliter or less and the 2-hour value 200 mg per deciliter or less.",
    "drug_phase": null,
    "registry_statuses": [],
    "start_date": null,
    "primary_completion_date": null,
    "completion_date": null,
    "results_first_posted": null,
    "countries": null,
    "care_setting": {
      "description": "15 centers in nine countries; the abstract does not name them or describe the settings.",
      "snapshot": "maternal:pubmed-18463375-2026-10-14"
    },
    "stopped_early": null,
    "enrollment": [
      {
        "count": 25505,
        "basis": "unknown",
        "unit": "pregnant women who underwent 75-g oral glucose-tolerance testing",
        "snapshot": "maternal:pubmed-18463375-2026-10-14"
      },
      {
        "count": 23316,
        "basis": "analyzed",
        "unit": "participants with blinded data",
        "snapshot": "maternal:pubmed-18463375-2026-10-14"
      }
    ],
    "arms": [],
    "findings": []
  },
  "content_digest": "1ea5fe3157e4a523a0e53cefe66395040cf7cbf136b8a29d519b32a51e1db06d",
  "review": {
    "content_digest": "1ea5fe3157e4a523a0e53cefe66395040cf7cbf136b8a29d519b32a51e1db06d",
    "current": [],
    "conflicting": [],
    "stale": [],
    "inactive": []
  },
  "claims": [],
  "decisions": [],
  "milestones": [],
  "relationships": {
    "outgoing": [
      {
        "predicate": "investigates",
        "label": "Relates maternal glucose levels below those of diabetes to pregnancy outcomes",
        "clinical_claim_not_fact": false,
        "family": "sourced",
        "other_entity_id": "maternal:gestational-diabetes",
        "other_entity_in_atlas": true,
        "claim_id": null,
        "evidence": {
          "snapshot_id": "maternal:pubmed-18463375-2026-10-14",
          "locator": "Abstract, BACKGROUND, sentence 1"
        },
        "primary": false,
        "role": null,
        "valid_from": null,
        "valid_to": null
      }
    ],
    "incoming": []
  },
  "page_path": "studies/hapo-study/",
  "context_path": "api/v1/context/maternal--hapo-study.md"
}