{
  "release_id": "c7fb95f1d15a7d13",
  "id": "maternal:bottleneck-bpd-prevention",
  "owner": "maternal",
  "kind": "bottleneck",
  "slug": "bottleneck-bpd-prevention",
  "name": "Bronchopulmonary dysplasia remains common among extremely preterm survivors",
  "aliases": [],
  "atlases": [
    "maternal"
  ],
  "summary_plain": "Many babies born at the edge of survival now live, but bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a long-lasting lung problem, remains the most frequent complication of extreme preterm birth, according to a 2019 review. Registry data from US network centres show that it rose between 2009 and 2012 in babies born at 26 to 27 weeks, even as survival improved and several other complications became less common. Several treatments have been studied with it as an outcome.",
  "summary_technical": "The review (Nature Reviews Disease Primers, abstract only) says that, despite efforts to limit injurious but often life-saving interventions, BPD remains the most frequent complication, and that impaired lung development leads to persistent airway and pulmonary vascular disease that can affect adult lung function. The registry abstract reports the 2009 to 2012 rise at 26 to 27 weeks. Efforts listed are treatments studied with BPD as an outcome in two trials; one trial abstract reports a lower rate with its drug and the other reports no significant difference between the two compared approaches, so the page does not say that BPD cannot be prevented.",
  "editorial_state": "draft",
  "last_substantive_edit": "2026-10-15",
  "last_evidence_check": "2026-10-15",
  "next_review_due": null,
  "identifiers": [],
  "navigation": {
    "maternal": {
      "life-stage": [
        "newborn"
      ],
      "care-area": [
        "preterm-and-sick-newborn"
      ]
    }
  },
  "payload": {
    "stage": "Lung disease of extremely preterm survivors, from the newborn period onward",
    "scope": "Extremely preterm infants; the registry figures cover infants born at 22 to 28 weeks at US network centres between 1993 and 2012.",
    "severity_rationale": "The review says lung development is markedly impaired, leading to persistent airway and pulmonary vascular disease that can affect adult lung function.",
    "burden_claims": [
      "maternal:claim-bpd-primer-most-frequent-complication",
      "maternal:claim-nrn-trends-1993-2012"
    ],
    "current_efforts": [
      "maternal:pulmonary-surfactants",
      "maternal:nasal-cpap",
      "maternal:caffeine-citrate"
    ]
  },
  "content_digest": "9616b47c69f636281aab206437e4f7324e5ca961da17335d6a634ae0a0891b04",
  "review": {
    "content_digest": "9616b47c69f636281aab206437e4f7324e5ca961da17335d6a634ae0a0891b04",
    "current": [],
    "conflicting": [],
    "stale": [],
    "inactive": []
  },
  "claims": [],
  "decisions": [],
  "milestones": [],
  "relationships": {
    "outgoing": [
      {
        "predicate": "related_to",
        "label": "The condition behind this bottleneck",
        "clinical_claim_not_fact": false,
        "family": "navigation",
        "other_entity_id": "maternal:bronchopulmonary-dysplasia",
        "other_entity_in_atlas": true,
        "claim_id": null,
        "evidence": null,
        "primary": false,
        "role": null,
        "valid_from": null,
        "valid_to": null
      },
      {
        "predicate": "part_of",
        "label": "Filed under this front",
        "clinical_claim_not_fact": false,
        "family": "navigation",
        "other_entity_id": "maternal:front-newborn-support",
        "other_entity_in_atlas": true,
        "claim_id": null,
        "evidence": null,
        "primary": true,
        "role": null,
        "valid_from": null,
        "valid_to": null
      }
    ],
    "incoming": [
      {
        "predicate": "addresses",
        "label": "Addressed by",
        "clinical_claim_not_fact": false,
        "family": "navigation",
        "other_entity_id": "maternal:idea-artificial-placenta",
        "other_entity_in_atlas": true,
        "claim_id": null,
        "evidence": null,
        "primary": false,
        "role": null,
        "valid_from": null,
        "valid_to": null
      }
    ]
  },
  "page_path": "bottlenecks/bottleneck-bpd-prevention/",
  "context_path": "api/v1/context/maternal--bottleneck-bpd-prevention.md"
}