{
  "release_id": "c7fb95f1d15a7d13",
  "id": "maternal:antenatal-iron-supplementation",
  "owner": "maternal",
  "kind": "intervention",
  "slug": "antenatal-iron-supplementation",
  "name": "Iron supplementation and iron screening in pregnancy",
  "aliases": [],
  "atlases": [
    "maternal"
  ],
  "summary_plain": "Iron deficiency is the leading cause of anemia during pregnancy. The US Preventive Services Task Force asked two questions about healthy pregnant people: should they be screened for iron deficiency, and should they routinely take iron supplements? In 2024 it said the current evidence is insufficient to judge the balance of benefits and harms of either. That describes the evidence; it is not a finding that iron is harmful or useless. MedlinePlus says pregnancy raises the need for some vitamins and minerals and advises checking with a provider before starting or stopping any medicine or supplement.",
  "summary_technical": "USPSTF 2024: two I statements (insufficient evidence) for asymptomatic pregnant adolescents and adults, each recorded as a separate claim. The abstract gives survey data from 1999 to 2006 estimating that iron deficiency in pregnancy is near 18% overall and rises across the trimesters (6.9%, 14.3% and 28.4%), and that an estimated 5% of pregnant persons have iron deficiency anemia. Other guidance on iron in pregnancy is not covered.",
  "editorial_state": "draft",
  "last_substantive_edit": "2026-10-14",
  "last_evidence_check": "2026-10-14",
  "next_review_due": null,
  "identifiers": [],
  "navigation": {
    "maternal": {
      "life-stage": [
        "pregnancy"
      ],
      "care-area": [
        "normal-pregnancy"
      ]
    }
  },
  "payload": {
    "subtype": "medicine",
    "mechanism": null,
    "components": null
  },
  "content_digest": "8facc2a43d18c1fd3a521159e93e8afefacc3074893df25f418928c23e4c79b6",
  "review": {
    "content_digest": "8facc2a43d18c1fd3a521159e93e8afefacc3074893df25f418928c23e4c79b6",
    "current": [],
    "conflicting": [],
    "stale": [],
    "inactive": []
  },
  "claims": [
    {
      "release_id": "c7fb95f1d15a7d13",
      "id": "maternal:claim-uspstf-2024-iron-screening-insufficient",
      "owner": "maternal",
      "subject_entity_id": "maternal:antenatal-iron-supplementation",
      "category": "recommendation",
      "statement": "The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in asymptomatic pregnant persons to prevent adverse maternal and infant health outcomes. It labels this an I statement and says the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined.",
      "context": {
        "id": "maternal:ctx-uspstf-2024-asymptomatic-pregnant-adolescents-and-adults",
        "label": "Asymptomatic pregnant adolescents and adults (USPSTF 2024 iron statement)",
        "recipient": "maternal",
        "population": "Asymptomatic pregnant adolescents and adults.",
        "care_setting": "Not stated in the PubMed abstract",
        "geography": "United States (statement of the US Preventive Services Task Force); the abstract names no country.",
        "life_stage_note": "Pregnancy",
        "life_stage_terms": {
          "maternal": [
            "pregnancy"
          ]
        },
        "gestational_age_min_days": null,
        "gestational_age_max_days": null,
        "gestational_age_basis": null,
        "postnatal_age_min_days": null,
        "postnatal_age_max_days": null,
        "gestational_age_status": null,
        "postnatal_age_status": null,
        "followup_description": "Not applicable (recommendation context)",
        "eligibility": {
          "inclusion": [
            "Asymptomatic pregnant adolescents and adults"
          ],
          "exclusion": [
            "Not stated in the PubMed abstract"
          ]
        }
      },
      "evidence_stage": "guidance",
      "certainty": "not_assessed",
      "certainty_method": null,
      "limitations": "An I statement is a statement about the evidence: the task force could not determine the balance of benefits and harms. It is not a recommendation for or against screening, and it does not say screening is harmful or useless. Only the PubMed abstract was read.",
      "editorial_state": "draft",
      "checked_at": "2026-10-14",
      "next_review_due": null,
      "valid_from": null,
      "valid_to": null,
      "citations": [
        {
          "evidence_role": "supports",
          "locator": "Abstract, EVIDENCE ASSESSMENT, sentence 1",
          "applicability_note": "PubMed abstract of the USPSTF 2024 statement.",
          "snapshot": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-39163015-2026-10-14",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-10-14T18:18:20Z",
            "content_hash": "c7b15894af7ca080a6de1c55e87627a2c3716c9788457bc62999f227a6c81557",
            "source_effective_date": null,
            "public_archive_url": null,
            "source_state": "current"
          },
          "source": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-10-1001-jama-2024-15196",
            "source_type": "publication",
            "title": "Screening and Supplementation for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement",
            "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
            "identifiers": [
              {
                "scheme": "doi",
                "value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "normalized_value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              },
              {
                "scheme": "pmid",
                "value": "39163015",
                "normalized_value": "39163015",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              }
            ],
            "publication_date": "2024-09-17",
            "publisher": "JAMA",
            "edition": "PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.",
            "reuse_basis": "PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.",
            "public_text": "quote"
          }
        },
        {
          "evidence_role": "supports",
          "locator": "Abstract, RECOMMENDATION, sentence 1",
          "applicability_note": "PubMed abstract of the USPSTF 2024 statement.",
          "snapshot": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-39163015-2026-10-14",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-10-14T18:18:20Z",
            "content_hash": "c7b15894af7ca080a6de1c55e87627a2c3716c9788457bc62999f227a6c81557",
            "source_effective_date": null,
            "public_archive_url": null,
            "source_state": "current"
          },
          "source": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-10-1001-jama-2024-15196",
            "source_type": "publication",
            "title": "Screening and Supplementation for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement",
            "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
            "identifiers": [
              {
                "scheme": "doi",
                "value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "normalized_value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              },
              {
                "scheme": "pmid",
                "value": "39163015",
                "normalized_value": "39163015",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              }
            ],
            "publication_date": "2024-09-17",
            "publisher": "JAMA",
            "edition": "PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.",
            "reuse_basis": "PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.",
            "public_text": "quote"
          }
        },
        {
          "evidence_role": "context",
          "locator": "Abstract, POPULATION, sentence 1",
          "applicability_note": "Population, objective and background.",
          "snapshot": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-39163015-2026-10-14",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-10-14T18:18:20Z",
            "content_hash": "c7b15894af7ca080a6de1c55e87627a2c3716c9788457bc62999f227a6c81557",
            "source_effective_date": null,
            "public_archive_url": null,
            "source_state": "current"
          },
          "source": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-10-1001-jama-2024-15196",
            "source_type": "publication",
            "title": "Screening and Supplementation for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement",
            "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
            "identifiers": [
              {
                "scheme": "doi",
                "value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "normalized_value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              },
              {
                "scheme": "pmid",
                "value": "39163015",
                "normalized_value": "39163015",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              }
            ],
            "publication_date": "2024-09-17",
            "publisher": "JAMA",
            "edition": "PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.",
            "reuse_basis": "PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.",
            "public_text": "quote"
          }
        },
        {
          "evidence_role": "context",
          "locator": "Abstract, OBJECTIVE, sentence 1",
          "applicability_note": "Population, objective and background.",
          "snapshot": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-39163015-2026-10-14",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-10-14T18:18:20Z",
            "content_hash": "c7b15894af7ca080a6de1c55e87627a2c3716c9788457bc62999f227a6c81557",
            "source_effective_date": null,
            "public_archive_url": null,
            "source_state": "current"
          },
          "source": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-10-1001-jama-2024-15196",
            "source_type": "publication",
            "title": "Screening and Supplementation for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement",
            "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
            "identifiers": [
              {
                "scheme": "doi",
                "value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "normalized_value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              },
              {
                "scheme": "pmid",
                "value": "39163015",
                "normalized_value": "39163015",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              }
            ],
            "publication_date": "2024-09-17",
            "publisher": "JAMA",
            "edition": "PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.",
            "reuse_basis": "PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.",
            "public_text": "quote"
          }
        },
        {
          "evidence_role": "context",
          "locator": "Abstract, IMPORTANCE, sentence 1",
          "applicability_note": "Population, objective and background.",
          "snapshot": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-39163015-2026-10-14",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-10-14T18:18:20Z",
            "content_hash": "c7b15894af7ca080a6de1c55e87627a2c3716c9788457bc62999f227a6c81557",
            "source_effective_date": null,
            "public_archive_url": null,
            "source_state": "current"
          },
          "source": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-10-1001-jama-2024-15196",
            "source_type": "publication",
            "title": "Screening and Supplementation for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement",
            "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
            "identifiers": [
              {
                "scheme": "doi",
                "value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "normalized_value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              },
              {
                "scheme": "pmid",
                "value": "39163015",
                "normalized_value": "39163015",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              }
            ],
            "publication_date": "2024-09-17",
            "publisher": "JAMA",
            "edition": "PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.",
            "reuse_basis": "PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.",
            "public_text": "quote"
          }
        },
        {
          "evidence_role": "context",
          "locator": "Abstract, IMPORTANCE, sentence 3",
          "applicability_note": "Population, objective and background.",
          "snapshot": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-39163015-2026-10-14",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-10-14T18:18:20Z",
            "content_hash": "c7b15894af7ca080a6de1c55e87627a2c3716c9788457bc62999f227a6c81557",
            "source_effective_date": null,
            "public_archive_url": null,
            "source_state": "current"
          },
          "source": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-10-1001-jama-2024-15196",
            "source_type": "publication",
            "title": "Screening and Supplementation for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement",
            "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
            "identifiers": [
              {
                "scheme": "doi",
                "value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "normalized_value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              },
              {
                "scheme": "pmid",
                "value": "39163015",
                "normalized_value": "39163015",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              }
            ],
            "publication_date": "2024-09-17",
            "publisher": "JAMA",
            "edition": "PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.",
            "reuse_basis": "PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.",
            "public_text": "quote"
          }
        }
      ],
      "review": {
        "content_digest": "621842265e48eeaa1ca1d8161fedc0920d2f15d766be3844862da4725f0f6f12",
        "current": [],
        "conflicting": [],
        "stale": [],
        "inactive": []
      },
      "api_path": "api/v1/claims/maternal--claim-uspstf-2024-iron-screening-insufficient.json"
    },
    {
      "release_id": "c7fb95f1d15a7d13",
      "id": "maternal:claim-uspstf-2024-iron-supplementation-insufficient",
      "owner": "maternal",
      "subject_entity_id": "maternal:antenatal-iron-supplementation",
      "category": "recommendation",
      "statement": "The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of routine supplementation for iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in asymptomatic pregnant persons to prevent adverse maternal and infant health outcomes. It labels this an I statement and says the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined.",
      "context": {
        "id": "maternal:ctx-uspstf-2024-asymptomatic-pregnant-adolescents-and-adults",
        "label": "Asymptomatic pregnant adolescents and adults (USPSTF 2024 iron statement)",
        "recipient": "maternal",
        "population": "Asymptomatic pregnant adolescents and adults.",
        "care_setting": "Not stated in the PubMed abstract",
        "geography": "United States (statement of the US Preventive Services Task Force); the abstract names no country.",
        "life_stage_note": "Pregnancy",
        "life_stage_terms": {
          "maternal": [
            "pregnancy"
          ]
        },
        "gestational_age_min_days": null,
        "gestational_age_max_days": null,
        "gestational_age_basis": null,
        "postnatal_age_min_days": null,
        "postnatal_age_max_days": null,
        "gestational_age_status": null,
        "postnatal_age_status": null,
        "followup_description": "Not applicable (recommendation context)",
        "eligibility": {
          "inclusion": [
            "Asymptomatic pregnant adolescents and adults"
          ],
          "exclusion": [
            "Not stated in the PubMed abstract"
          ]
        }
      },
      "evidence_stage": "guidance",
      "certainty": "not_assessed",
      "certainty_method": null,
      "limitations": "An I statement is a statement about the evidence: the task force could not determine the balance of benefits and harms. It is not a recommendation against iron supplements, and it does not say supplements are harmful or useless. Other guidance on iron in pregnancy is outside this claim. Only the PubMed abstract was read.",
      "editorial_state": "draft",
      "checked_at": "2026-10-14",
      "next_review_due": null,
      "valid_from": null,
      "valid_to": null,
      "citations": [
        {
          "evidence_role": "supports",
          "locator": "Abstract, EVIDENCE ASSESSMENT, sentence 2",
          "applicability_note": "PubMed abstract of the USPSTF 2024 statement.",
          "snapshot": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-39163015-2026-10-14",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-10-14T18:18:20Z",
            "content_hash": "c7b15894af7ca080a6de1c55e87627a2c3716c9788457bc62999f227a6c81557",
            "source_effective_date": null,
            "public_archive_url": null,
            "source_state": "current"
          },
          "source": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-10-1001-jama-2024-15196",
            "source_type": "publication",
            "title": "Screening and Supplementation for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement",
            "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
            "identifiers": [
              {
                "scheme": "doi",
                "value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "normalized_value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              },
              {
                "scheme": "pmid",
                "value": "39163015",
                "normalized_value": "39163015",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              }
            ],
            "publication_date": "2024-09-17",
            "publisher": "JAMA",
            "edition": "PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.",
            "reuse_basis": "PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.",
            "public_text": "quote"
          }
        },
        {
          "evidence_role": "supports",
          "locator": "Abstract, RECOMMENDATION, sentence 2",
          "applicability_note": "PubMed abstract of the USPSTF 2024 statement.",
          "snapshot": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-39163015-2026-10-14",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-10-14T18:18:20Z",
            "content_hash": "c7b15894af7ca080a6de1c55e87627a2c3716c9788457bc62999f227a6c81557",
            "source_effective_date": null,
            "public_archive_url": null,
            "source_state": "current"
          },
          "source": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-10-1001-jama-2024-15196",
            "source_type": "publication",
            "title": "Screening and Supplementation for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement",
            "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
            "identifiers": [
              {
                "scheme": "doi",
                "value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "normalized_value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              },
              {
                "scheme": "pmid",
                "value": "39163015",
                "normalized_value": "39163015",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              }
            ],
            "publication_date": "2024-09-17",
            "publisher": "JAMA",
            "edition": "PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.",
            "reuse_basis": "PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.",
            "public_text": "quote"
          }
        },
        {
          "evidence_role": "supports",
          "locator": "Abstract, RECOMMENDATION, sentence 3",
          "applicability_note": "PubMed abstract of the USPSTF 2024 statement.",
          "snapshot": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-39163015-2026-10-14",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-10-14T18:18:20Z",
            "content_hash": "c7b15894af7ca080a6de1c55e87627a2c3716c9788457bc62999f227a6c81557",
            "source_effective_date": null,
            "public_archive_url": null,
            "source_state": "current"
          },
          "source": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-10-1001-jama-2024-15196",
            "source_type": "publication",
            "title": "Screening and Supplementation for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement",
            "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
            "identifiers": [
              {
                "scheme": "doi",
                "value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "normalized_value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              },
              {
                "scheme": "pmid",
                "value": "39163015",
                "normalized_value": "39163015",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              }
            ],
            "publication_date": "2024-09-17",
            "publisher": "JAMA",
            "edition": "PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.",
            "reuse_basis": "PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.",
            "public_text": "quote"
          }
        },
        {
          "evidence_role": "context",
          "locator": "Abstract, POPULATION, sentence 1",
          "applicability_note": "Population and objective.",
          "snapshot": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-39163015-2026-10-14",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-10-14T18:18:20Z",
            "content_hash": "c7b15894af7ca080a6de1c55e87627a2c3716c9788457bc62999f227a6c81557",
            "source_effective_date": null,
            "public_archive_url": null,
            "source_state": "current"
          },
          "source": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-10-1001-jama-2024-15196",
            "source_type": "publication",
            "title": "Screening and Supplementation for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement",
            "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
            "identifiers": [
              {
                "scheme": "doi",
                "value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "normalized_value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              },
              {
                "scheme": "pmid",
                "value": "39163015",
                "normalized_value": "39163015",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              }
            ],
            "publication_date": "2024-09-17",
            "publisher": "JAMA",
            "edition": "PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.",
            "reuse_basis": "PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.",
            "public_text": "quote"
          }
        },
        {
          "evidence_role": "context",
          "locator": "Abstract, OBJECTIVE, sentence 1",
          "applicability_note": "Population and objective.",
          "snapshot": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-39163015-2026-10-14",
            "retrieved_at": "2026-10-14T18:18:20Z",
            "content_hash": "c7b15894af7ca080a6de1c55e87627a2c3716c9788457bc62999f227a6c81557",
            "source_effective_date": null,
            "public_archive_url": null,
            "source_state": "current"
          },
          "source": {
            "id": "maternal:pubmed-10-1001-jama-2024-15196",
            "source_type": "publication",
            "title": "Screening and Supplementation for Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement",
            "canonical_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
            "identifiers": [
              {
                "scheme": "doi",
                "value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "normalized_value": "10.1001/jama.2024.15196",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              },
              {
                "scheme": "pmid",
                "value": "39163015",
                "normalized_value": "39163015",
                "match": "exact",
                "version": null,
                "label": null,
                "from_source": false
              }
            ],
            "publication_date": "2024-09-17",
            "publisher": "JAMA",
            "edition": "PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.",
            "reuse_basis": "PubMed record fetched through NCBI E-utilities. Only the hash of the bytes is kept, because publisher copyright may apply to the abstract (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/disclaimer/). Short factual quotations under 25 words, with the citation.",
            "public_text": "quote"
          }
        }
      ],
      "review": {
        "content_digest": "a4e32ec205ecafe32bd006b3eb003f2db1d61eab96f94c47895c594f70b2f719",
        "current": [],
        "conflicting": [],
        "stale": [],
        "inactive": []
      },
      "api_path": "api/v1/claims/maternal--claim-uspstf-2024-iron-supplementation-insufficient.json"
    }
  ],
  "decisions": [
    {
      "type": "recommendation",
      "id": "maternal:rec-uspstf-2024-iron-screening",
      "direction": "insufficient_evidence",
      "intervention_id": "maternal:antenatal-iron-supplementation",
      "context_id": "maternal:ctx-uspstf-2024-asymptomatic-pregnant-adolescents-and-adults",
      "guideline_snapshot_id": "maternal:uspstf-iron-pregnancy-2024-2026-10-14",
      "guideline_id": "maternal:guideline-uspstf-2024-iron-pregnancy",
      "issuer_id": "core:uspstf",
      "jurisdictions": [
        "US"
      ],
      "jurisdiction_note": "United States (the issuer is a United States task force).",
      "strength_label": "I statement",
      "strength_system": "USPSTF letter grades: A, B, C and D recommendations, and the I statement for when the evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against. The grade reflects the Task Force's certainty about net benefit. These are not GRADE strength labels.",
      "effective_date": "2024-08-20",
      "effective_date_note": "The date under the title of the USPSTF final recommendation statement page, August 20, 2024. The statement was also published in JAMA, which has its own issue date.",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "supersession_status": "not_checked",
      "claim_id": "maternal:claim-uspstf-2024-iron-screening-insufficient"
    },
    {
      "type": "recommendation",
      "id": "maternal:rec-uspstf-2024-iron-supplementation",
      "direction": "insufficient_evidence",
      "intervention_id": "maternal:antenatal-iron-supplementation",
      "context_id": "maternal:ctx-uspstf-2024-asymptomatic-pregnant-adolescents-and-adults",
      "guideline_snapshot_id": "maternal:uspstf-iron-pregnancy-2024-2026-10-14",
      "guideline_id": "maternal:guideline-uspstf-2024-iron-pregnancy",
      "issuer_id": "core:uspstf",
      "jurisdictions": [
        "US"
      ],
      "jurisdiction_note": "United States (the issuer is a United States task force).",
      "strength_label": "I statement",
      "strength_system": "USPSTF letter grades: A, B, C and D recommendations, and the I statement for when the evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against. The grade reflects the Task Force's certainty about net benefit. These are not GRADE strength labels.",
      "effective_date": "2024-08-20",
      "effective_date_note": "The date under the title of the USPSTF final recommendation statement page, August 20, 2024. The statement was also published in JAMA, which has its own issue date.",
      "superseded_by": null,
      "supersession_status": "not_checked",
      "claim_id": "maternal:claim-uspstf-2024-iron-supplementation-insufficient"
    }
  ],
  "milestones": [],
  "relationships": {
    "outgoing": [
      {
        "predicate": "part_of",
        "label": "Filed under this front",
        "clinical_claim_not_fact": false,
        "family": "navigation",
        "other_entity_id": "maternal:front-prevention-and-nutrition",
        "other_entity_in_atlas": true,
        "claim_id": null,
        "evidence": null,
        "primary": true,
        "role": null,
        "valid_from": null,
        "valid_to": null
      },
      {
        "predicate": "related_to",
        "label": "Iron is discussed at antenatal visits; USPSTF 2024 issued I statements on screening and on supplementation",
        "clinical_claim_not_fact": false,
        "family": "navigation",
        "other_entity_id": "maternal:antenatal-care",
        "other_entity_in_atlas": true,
        "claim_id": null,
        "evidence": null,
        "primary": false,
        "role": null,
        "valid_from": null,
        "valid_to": null
      }
    ],
    "incoming": []
  },
  "page_path": "interventions/antenatal-iron-supplementation/",
  "context_path": "api/v1/context/maternal--antenatal-iron-supplementation.md"
}