# Glucose tests for gestational diabetes (one-step and two-step) Intervention · id `maternal:gdm-glucose-screening-test` · Maternal & Newborn Atlas · release `c7fb95f1d15a7d13` (public) > General information from published sources, not medical advice, and not reviewed by clinicians. Check the cited source before relying on anything here. The atlas's own text and curation may be reused under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/): credit the atlas, and do not use it commercially. See the atlas About page. Text quoted from a source stays under that source's own terms, given as the source's reuse\_basis. The atlas's reuse terms do not cover it. The downloads list each quotation with its source in third\_party\_quotations. Browse, life stage: Pregnancy Browse, care area: Pregnancy conditions ## In plain language Pregnant people are usually tested for gestational diabetes between 24 and 28 weeks. The test uses a sugary drink and blood samples. In the one-step approach, a 75 g drink is given after fasting and blood sugar is measured. In the two-step approach, a 50 g drink is given without fasting and, if the result is high, a second test with a 100 g drink follows. In a US trial of 23,792 women, one-step screening diagnosed gestational diabetes in 16.5% and two-step screening in 8.5%, and the main pregnancy outcomes did not differ significantly between the two. ## Technical summary Sources: the USPSTF 2021 statement (for asymptomatic pregnant persons not previously diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: screening at 24 weeks or after, a B recommendation; before 24 weeks, an I statement), which does not choose a test; the ScreenR2GDM pragmatic trial (NEJM 2021); and the IADPSG consensus report of 2010. The trial compares whole pathways, since treatment guidelines matched each approach. ## Claims, with the population each applies to ## Context: Women not previously found to have overt diabetes or gestational diabetes (IADPSG) Recipient: Maternal; Population: Pregnant women not previously found to have overt diabetes or gestational diabetes during testing earlier in the same pregnancy. The panel applies the strategy to women without known diabetes before pregnancy.; Care setting: Not stated in the PubMed abstract; Geography: International (consensus panel of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups).; Life stage: Pregnancy, testing at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation; Gestational age: Not reported; Postnatal age: Not reported; Follow-up: Not applicable (recommendation context) ### The International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) consensus panel recommends a two-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, performed after an overnight fast, for all women not previously found to have overt diabetes or gestational diabetes during testing earlier in the pregnancy. It places the test at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation and says one or more values from the 75-g test being equaled or exceeded is enough for a diagnosis of gestational diabetes, using thresholds in its Table 1. It does not recommend routinely performing oral glucose tolerance tests before 24 to 28 weeks, and it says it considered the HAPO study results in depth in setting the diagnostic thresholds. - Category: Recommendation - Evidence stage: Guidance - Certainty: Certainty not assessed - Applies to: Recipient: Maternal; Population: Pregnant women not previously found to have overt diabetes or gestational diabetes during testing earlier in the same pregnancy. The panel applies the strategy to women without known diabetes before pregnancy.; Care setting: Not stated in the PubMed abstract; Geography: International (consensus panel of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups).; Life stage: Pregnancy, testing at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation; Gestational age: Not reported; Postnatal age: Not reported; Follow-up: Not applicable (recommendation context) - Limitations: This is a consensus panel recommendation from 2010 (Diabetes Care). The panel says that its recommendations for detecting overt diabetes in pregnancy rest on the opinions of its members, because prospective studies or suitable trials are not available. The threshold values are in the article tables and are not restated here because the table text could not be quoted word for word. The USPSTF statement of 2021 does not choose a test, and the ScreenR2GDM trial compared this kind of one-step test with a two-step approach; neither source ties the trial’s one-step arm to the IADPSG criteria, so the atlas does not either. Only the PMC full text was read, not the supplemental tables. - Last checked: 2026-10-14 - Sources: 1. Supports: International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Recommendations on the Diagnosis and Classification of Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy (Publication, edition PMC full text (efetch XML) of the Diabetes Care article, fetched 2026-10-14. PubMed holds no abstract for this record. The PubMed record of the same article (PMID 20190296) holds no abstract; its snapshot is kept here.) Locator: Table 2, 24–28 weeks gestation. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:42Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: 3447c11ed65bf43b46778d02454495f46e65dd4883103ebc51e299659e0a5851. How it applies: IADPSG report, PMC full text (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0); short quotation with attribution. 2. Supports: International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Recommendations on the Diagnosis and Classification of Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy (Publication, edition PMC full text (efetch XML) of the Diabetes Care article, fetched 2026-10-14. PubMed holds no abstract for this record. The PubMed record of the same article (PMID 20190296) holds no abstract; its snapshot is kept here.) Locator: Table 1, footnote. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:42Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: 3447c11ed65bf43b46778d02454495f46e65dd4883103ebc51e299659e0a5851. How it applies: IADPSG report, PMC full text (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0); short quotation with attribution. 3. Supports: International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Recommendations on the Diagnosis and Classification of Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy (Publication, edition PMC full text (efetch XML) of the Diabetes Care article, fetched 2026-10-14. PubMed holds no abstract for this record. The PubMed record of the same article (PMID 20190296) holds no abstract; its snapshot is kept here.) Locator: Summary of detection strategy, early pregnancy. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:42Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: 3447c11ed65bf43b46778d02454495f46e65dd4883103ebc51e299659e0a5851. How it applies: IADPSG report, PMC full text (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0); short quotation with attribution. 4. Background: International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Recommendations on the Diagnosis and Classification of Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy (Publication, edition PMC full text (efetch XML) of the Diabetes Care article, fetched 2026-10-14. PubMed holds no abstract for this record. The PubMed record of the same article (PMID 20190296) holds no abstract; its snapshot is kept here.) Locator: Introduction, last paragraph. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:42Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: 3447c11ed65bf43b46778d02454495f46e65dd4883103ebc51e299659e0a5851. How it applies: Basis of the recommendations in the HAPO study and in panel opinion. ## Context: Infants born to women in the ScreenR2GDM trial Recipient: Mixed recipients; Population: Infants born to the women in the ScreenR2GDM trial. The outcomes in this context are large-for-gestational-age infants and a perinatal composite (stillbirth, neonatal death, shoulder dystocia, bone fracture, or any arm or hand nerve palsy related to birth injury). The composite includes deaths before or around birth, so the context covers fetuses and newborns and is not split by recipient.; Care setting: Two health systems (pragmatic trial); the abstract does not describe the settings further.; Geography: Not stated in the PubMed abstract; Life stage: Birth and the perinatal period; Gestational age: Not reported; Postnatal age: Not reported; Follow-up: Perinatal period, as the composite is defined ### In ScreenR2GDM, in intention-to-treat analyses, the incidence of large-for-gestational-age infants was 8.9% with one-step screening and 9.2% with two-step screening (relative risk 0.95, 97.5% CI 0.87 to 1.05). The incidence of the perinatal composite outcome (stillbirth, neonatal death, shoulder dystocia, bone fracture, or any arm or hand nerve palsy related to birth injury) was 3.1% and 3.0% (relative risk 1.04, 97.5% CI 0.88 to 1.23). The authors report no significant between-group differences in these primary outcomes, although one-step screening diagnosed gestational diabetes about twice as often. - Category: Effect - Evidence stage: Interventional - Certainty: Certainty not assessed - Applies to: Recipient: Mixed recipients; Population: Infants born to the women in the ScreenR2GDM trial. The outcomes in this context are large-for-gestational-age infants and a perinatal composite (stillbirth, neonatal death, shoulder dystocia, bone fracture, or any arm or hand nerve palsy related to birth injury). The composite includes deaths before or around birth, so the context covers fetuses and newborns and is not split by recipient.; Care setting: Two health systems (pragmatic trial); the abstract does not describe the settings further.; Geography: Not stated in the PubMed abstract; Life stage: Birth and the perinatal period; Gestational age: Not reported; Postnatal age: Not reported; Follow-up: Perinatal period, as the composite is defined - Limitations: The abstract gives incidences without denominators, so none are recorded. Adherence to the assigned screening differed (66% in the one-step group and 92% in the two-step group), and the abstract says results were materially unchanged with inverse probability weighting. The comparison is of whole pathways, as the treatment guidelines matched each screening approach. Only the PubMed abstract was read. - Last checked: 2026-10-14 - Sources: 1. Supports: A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational Diabetes Screening (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.) Locator: Abstract, RESULTS, sentence 4. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:21Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: 3065c718588de479f058b8495cf371136936b740d0109d8bfaebd5cfb2b38a69. How it applies: PubMed abstract of the NEJM 2021 report. 2. Supports: A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational Diabetes Screening (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.) Locator: Abstract, RESULTS, sentence 5. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:21Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: 3065c718588de479f058b8495cf371136936b740d0109d8bfaebd5cfb2b38a69. How it applies: PubMed abstract of the NEJM 2021 report. 3. Background: A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational Diabetes Screening (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.) Locator: Abstract, METHODS, sentence 1. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:21Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: 3065c718588de479f058b8495cf371136936b740d0109d8bfaebd5cfb2b38a69. How it applies: Design and the authors’ conclusion. 4. Background: A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational Diabetes Screening (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.) Locator: Abstract, METHODS, sentence 2. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:21Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: 3065c718588de479f058b8495cf371136936b740d0109d8bfaebd5cfb2b38a69. How it applies: Design and the authors’ conclusion. 5. Background: A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational Diabetes Screening (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.) Locator: Abstract, CONCLUSIONS, sentence 1. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:21Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: 3065c718588de479f058b8495cf371136936b740d0109d8bfaebd5cfb2b38a69. How it applies: Design and the authors’ conclusion. ## Context: Pregnant women who received care in two health systems (ScreenR2GDM trial) Recipient: Maternal; Population: All pregnant women who received care in two health systems. 23,792 women underwent randomization; women with more than one pregnancy during the trial could be assigned to more than one type of screening.; Care setting: Two health systems (pragmatic trial); the abstract does not describe the settings further.; Geography: Not stated in the PubMed abstract; Life stage: Pregnancy, screening for gestational diabetes; Gestational age: Not reported; Postnatal age: Not reported; Follow-up: Until delivery outcomes (diagnosis, hypertensive disorders, cesarean section) ### In ScreenR2GDM, a pragmatic randomized trial in all pregnant women who received care in two health systems, 23,792 women underwent randomization. One-step screening (a 75-g glucose load in the fasting state) diagnosed gestational diabetes in 16.5% of the women assigned to it and two-step screening (a 50-g load in the nonfasting state, then a 100-g load in the fasting state if positive) in 8.5% (unadjusted relative risk 1.94, 97.5% CI 1.79 to 2.11). Adherence to the assigned screening was 66% in the one-step group and 92% in the two-step group. For the women, gestational hypertension or preeclampsia occurred in 13.6% (one-step) and 13.5% (two-step) (relative risk 1.00, 97.5% CI 0.93 to 1.08), and primary cesarean section in 24.0% and 24.6% (relative risk 0.98, 97.5% CI 0.93 to 1.02). The authors report no significant between-group differences in the primary outcomes relating to perinatal and maternal complications. - Category: Effect - Evidence stage: Interventional - Certainty: Certainty not assessed - Applies to: Recipient: Maternal; Population: All pregnant women who received care in two health systems. 23,792 women underwent randomization; women with more than one pregnancy during the trial could be assigned to more than one type of screening.; Care setting: Two health systems (pragmatic trial); the abstract does not describe the settings further.; Geography: Not stated in the PubMed abstract; Life stage: Pregnancy, screening for gestational diabetes; Gestational age: Not reported; Postnatal age: Not reported; Follow-up: Until delivery outcomes (diagnosis, hypertensive disorders, cesarean section) - Limitations: The trial compares whole pathways: the abstract says treatment guidelines were consistent with each screening approach, so differences or the lack of them reflect screening plus the treatment each approach triggers. Adherence differed (66% and 92%); the abstract says results were materially unchanged in intention-to-treat analyses with inverse probability weighting for differential adherence. The abstract does not give the numbers of women analysed in each group or the follow-up period, so no denominators are recorded. Only the PubMed abstract was read; the full text is not in the PMC open access subset. - Last checked: 2026-10-14 - Sources: 1. Supports: A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational Diabetes Screening (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.) Locator: Abstract, RESULTS, sentence 1. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:21Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: 3065c718588de479f058b8495cf371136936b740d0109d8bfaebd5cfb2b38a69. How it applies: PubMed abstract of the NEJM 2021 report. 2. Supports: A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational Diabetes Screening (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.) Locator: Abstract, RESULTS, sentence 2. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:21Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: 3065c718588de479f058b8495cf371136936b740d0109d8bfaebd5cfb2b38a69. How it applies: PubMed abstract of the NEJM 2021 report. 3. Supports: A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational Diabetes Screening (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.) Locator: Abstract, RESULTS, sentence 3. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:21Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: 3065c718588de479f058b8495cf371136936b740d0109d8bfaebd5cfb2b38a69. How it applies: PubMed abstract of the NEJM 2021 report. 4. Supports: A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational Diabetes Screening (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.) Locator: Abstract, RESULTS, sentence 4. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:21Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: 3065c718588de479f058b8495cf371136936b740d0109d8bfaebd5cfb2b38a69. How it applies: PubMed abstract of the NEJM 2021 report. 5. Supports: A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational Diabetes Screening (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.) Locator: Abstract, RESULTS, sentence 5. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:21Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: 3065c718588de479f058b8495cf371136936b740d0109d8bfaebd5cfb2b38a69. How it applies: PubMed abstract of the NEJM 2021 report. 6. Background: A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational Diabetes Screening (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.) Locator: Abstract, METHODS, sentence 1. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:21Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: 3065c718588de479f058b8495cf371136936b740d0109d8bfaebd5cfb2b38a69. How it applies: Design, the treatment link and the authors’ conclusion. 7. Background: A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational Diabetes Screening (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.) Locator: Abstract, METHODS, sentence 2. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:21Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: 3065c718588de479f058b8495cf371136936b740d0109d8bfaebd5cfb2b38a69. How it applies: Design, the treatment link and the authors’ conclusion. 8. Background: A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational Diabetes Screening (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.) Locator: Abstract, CONCLUSIONS, sentence 1. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:21Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: 3065c718588de479f058b8495cf371136936b740d0109d8bfaebd5cfb2b38a69. How it applies: Design, the treatment link and the authors’ conclusion. ## Context: Asymptomatic pregnant persons at 24 weeks of gestation or after (USPSTF 2021) Recipient: Maternal; Population: Asymptomatic pregnant persons who have not been previously diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, at 24 weeks of gestation or after.; Care setting: Not stated in the PubMed abstract; Geography: United States (statement of the US Preventive Services Task Force); the abstract names no country.; Life stage: Pregnancy, 24 weeks of gestation or after; Gestational age: at least 24 weeks 0 days (168 days), measured at the time of measurement; Postnatal age: Not reported; Follow-up: Not applicable (recommendation context) ### The USPSTF recommends screening for gestational diabetes in asymptomatic pregnant persons at 24 weeks of gestation or after. It grades this a B recommendation and concludes with moderate certainty that there is a moderate net benefit to screening for gestational diabetes at 24 weeks of gestation or after to improve maternal and fetal outcomes. - Category: Recommendation - Evidence stage: Guidance - Certainty: Certainty not assessed - Applies to: Recipient: Maternal; Population: Asymptomatic pregnant persons who have not been previously diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, at 24 weeks of gestation or after.; Care setting: Not stated in the PubMed abstract; Geography: United States (statement of the US Preventive Services Task Force); the abstract names no country.; Life stage: Pregnancy, 24 weeks of gestation or after; Gestational age: at least 24 weeks 0 days (168 days), measured at the time of measurement; Postnatal age: Not reported; Follow-up: Not applicable (recommendation context) - Limitations: The recommendation is for screening in general. It does not choose between the one-step and two-step tests, which is why it is linked to the page on glucose tests. PubMed links a published erratum (PMID 34609473, titled Incorrect Value in Table); its PubMed and PMC records hold only the title and no correction text (the correction is in the journal PDF, which was not fetched), so whether it changes anything in this claim is not known. The PubMed abstract prints each grade after its statement, so the B appears at the start of the next sentence. USPSTF certainty levels are the task force’s own wording and not a GRADE rating. Only the PubMed abstract was read. - Last checked: 2026-10-14 - Source problem: a cited source is corrected. Check the sources before relying on this claim. - Sources: 1. Supports: Screening for Gestational Diabetes: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched. PubMed links a published erratum (PMID 34609473, titled Incorrect Value in Table); its text has no abstract and was not read, so the statement is cited as the PubMed abstract gives it.) Locator: Abstract, RECOMMENDATION, sentence 1. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:21Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 178631f5dca566eb6af7f1a40ccd4d56431ea24170c6ef78b2942f5e4efccd97. How it applies: PubMed abstract of the USPSTF 2021 statement. 2. Supports: Screening for Gestational Diabetes: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched. PubMed links a published erratum (PMID 34609473, titled Incorrect Value in Table); its text has no abstract and was not read, so the statement is cited as the PubMed abstract gives it.) Locator: Abstract, EVIDENCE ASSESSMENT, sentence 1. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:21Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 178631f5dca566eb6af7f1a40ccd4d56431ea24170c6ef78b2942f5e4efccd97. How it applies: PubMed abstract of the USPSTF 2021 statement. 3. Background: Screening for Gestational Diabetes: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched. PubMed links a published erratum (PMID 34609473, titled Incorrect Value in Table); its text has no abstract and was not read, so the statement is cited as the PubMed abstract gives it.) Locator: Abstract, POPULATION, sentence 1. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:21Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 178631f5dca566eb6af7f1a40ccd4d56431ea24170c6ef78b2942f5e4efccd97. How it applies: Population. 4. Background: Incorrect Value in Table (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched.) Locator: ArticleTitle. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:24:06Z. Source state: Current. Snapshot hash: ff3c6c32c67cc79f19007c8180686e3e488137f8ff64c8c309c91c6206e4fea8. How it applies: Title of the linked erratum; the erratum text itself was not read. ## Context: Asymptomatic pregnant persons before 24 weeks of gestation (USPSTF 2021) Recipient: Maternal; Population: Asymptomatic pregnant persons who have not been previously diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, before 24 weeks of gestation.; Care setting: Not stated in the PubMed abstract; Geography: United States (statement of the US Preventive Services Task Force); the abstract names no country.; Life stage: Pregnancy, before 24 weeks of gestation; Gestational age: up to 23 weeks 6 days (167 days), measured at the time of measurement; Postnatal age: Not reported; Follow-up: Not applicable (recommendation context) ### The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for gestational diabetes in asymptomatic pregnant persons before 24 weeks of gestation. It labels this an I statement and says the balance of benefits and harms of screening cannot be determined. - Category: Recommendation - Evidence stage: Guidance - Certainty: Certainty not assessed - Applies to: Recipient: Maternal; Population: Asymptomatic pregnant persons who have not been previously diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, before 24 weeks of gestation.; Care setting: Not stated in the PubMed abstract; Geography: United States (statement of the US Preventive Services Task Force); the abstract names no country.; Life stage: Pregnancy, before 24 weeks of gestation; Gestational age: up to 23 weeks 6 days (167 days), measured at the time of measurement; Postnatal age: Not reported; Follow-up: Not applicable (recommendation context) - Limitations: An I statement is a statement about the evidence, not a recommendation against early testing. The PubMed abstract prints each grade after its statement, so the I appears at the start of the next sentence. PubMed links a published erratum (PMID 34609473, Incorrect Value in Table); its correction text was not read, so whether it changes this claim is not known. - Last checked: 2026-10-14 - Source problem: a cited source is corrected. Check the sources before relying on this claim. - Sources: 1. Supports: Screening for Gestational Diabetes: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched. PubMed links a published erratum (PMID 34609473, titled Incorrect Value in Table); its text has no abstract and was not read, so the statement is cited as the PubMed abstract gives it.) Locator: Abstract, EVIDENCE ASSESSMENT, sentence 2. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:21Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 178631f5dca566eb6af7f1a40ccd4d56431ea24170c6ef78b2942f5e4efccd97. How it applies: PubMed abstract of the USPSTF 2021 statement. 2. Supports: Screening for Gestational Diabetes: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched. PubMed links a published erratum (PMID 34609473, titled Incorrect Value in Table); its text has no abstract and was not read, so the statement is cited as the PubMed abstract gives it.) Locator: Abstract, RECOMMENDATION, sentence 2. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:21Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 178631f5dca566eb6af7f1a40ccd4d56431ea24170c6ef78b2942f5e4efccd97. How it applies: PubMed abstract of the USPSTF 2021 statement. 3. Supports: Screening for Gestational Diabetes: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched. PubMed links a published erratum (PMID 34609473, titled Incorrect Value in Table); its text has no abstract and was not read, so the statement is cited as the PubMed abstract gives it.) Locator: Abstract, RECOMMENDATION, sentence 3. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:21Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 178631f5dca566eb6af7f1a40ccd4d56431ea24170c6ef78b2942f5e4efccd97. How it applies: PubMed abstract of the USPSTF 2021 statement. 4. Background: Screening for Gestational Diabetes: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (Publication, edition PubMed record (abstract and bibliographic data) from NCBI E-utilities, fetched 2026-10-14. The full text and the version of record were not fetched. PubMed links a published erratum (PMID 34609473, titled Incorrect Value in Table); its text has no abstract and was not read, so the statement is cited as the PubMed abstract gives it.) Locator: Abstract, POPULATION, sentence 1. Retrieved 2026-10-14T18:18:21Z. Source state: Corrected. Snapshot hash: 178631f5dca566eb6af7f1a40ccd4d56431ea24170c6ef78b2942f5e4efccd97. How it applies: Population. ## Guidance, authorization and access ### Recommendation `maternal:rec-uspstf-2021-gdm-screening-24-weeks-or-after` - Intervention: Glucose tests for gestational diabetes (one-step and two-step) (`maternal:gdm-glucose-screening-test`) - Direction: Recommended - Issued by: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (`core:uspstf`) - Guideline record: USPSTF 2021: screening for gestational diabetes (`maternal:guideline-uspstf-2021-gestational-diabetes`) - Guideline: Gestational Diabetes: Screening (USPSTF final recommendation statement page), edition Final recommendation statement page as fetched on 2026-10-14 (mx-uspstf-gestational-diabetes-screening.html). The date under the title is August 10, 2021.; snapshot `maternal:uspstf-gestational-diabetes-2021-2026-10-14` - Jurisdictions: United States; note: United States (the issuer is a United States task force). - Strength: B recommendation (USPSTF letter grades: A, B, C and D recommendations, and the I statement for when the evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against. The grade reflects the Task Force's certainty about net benefit. These are not GRADE strength labels.) - Effective: 2021-08-10 (The date under the title of the USPSTF final recommendation statement page, August 10, 2021. The statement was also published in JAMA, which has its own issue date.) - Supersession: Not checked - Applies to: Recipient: Maternal; Population: Asymptomatic pregnant persons who have not been previously diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, at 24 weeks of gestation or after.; Care setting: Not stated in the PubMed abstract; Geography: United States (statement of the US Preventive Services Task Force); the abstract names no country.; Life stage: Pregnancy, 24 weeks of gestation or after; Gestational age: at least 24 weeks 0 days (168 days), measured at the time of measurement; Postnatal age: Not reported; Follow-up: Not applicable (recommendation context) - Basis: claim `maternal:claim-uspstf-2021-gdm-screening-24-weeks-or-after` - Source problem: a cited source is corrected. Check the sources before relying on this claim. ### Recommendation `maternal:rec-uspstf-2021-gdm-screening-before-24-weeks` - Intervention: Glucose tests for gestational diabetes (one-step and two-step) (`maternal:gdm-glucose-screening-test`) - Direction: Evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against - Issued by: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (`core:uspstf`) - Guideline record: USPSTF 2021: screening for gestational diabetes (`maternal:guideline-uspstf-2021-gestational-diabetes`) - Guideline: Gestational Diabetes: Screening (USPSTF final recommendation statement page), edition Final recommendation statement page as fetched on 2026-10-14 (mx-uspstf-gestational-diabetes-screening.html). The date under the title is August 10, 2021.; snapshot `maternal:uspstf-gestational-diabetes-2021-2026-10-14` - Jurisdictions: United States; note: United States (the issuer is a United States task force). - Strength: I statement (USPSTF letter grades: A, B, C and D recommendations, and the I statement for when the evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against. The grade reflects the Task Force's certainty about net benefit. These are not GRADE strength labels.) - Effective: 2021-08-10 (The date under the title of the USPSTF final recommendation statement page, August 10, 2021. The statement was also published in JAMA, which has its own issue date.) - Supersession: Not checked - Applies to: Recipient: Maternal; Population: Asymptomatic pregnant persons who have not been previously diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, before 24 weeks of gestation.; Care setting: Not stated in the PubMed abstract; Geography: United States (statement of the US Preventive Services Task Force); the abstract names no country.; Life stage: Pregnancy, before 24 weeks of gestation; Gestational age: up to 23 weeks 6 days (167 days), measured at the time of measurement; Postnatal age: Not reported; Follow-up: Not applicable (recommendation context) - Basis: claim `maternal:claim-uspstf-2021-gdm-screening-before-24-weeks-insufficient` - Source problem: a cited source is corrected. Check the sources before relying on this claim. ## Connected pages - Filed under this front: Screening and tests (`maternal:front-screening-and-tests`) - USPSTF 2021: screening at 24 weeks of gestation or after (B recommendation); an I statement before 24 weeks. The statement does not choose a test.: Gestational diabetes (`maternal:gestational-diabetes`) [a claim, not a settled fact; see claim `maternal:claim-uspstf-2021-gdm-screening-24-weeks-or-after` and its context] - Related to: No single agreed way to diagnose gestational diabetes (`maternal:bottleneck-gdm-diagnostic-criteria`) ## Provenance Content hash: 489ef07e1e73e518d44d688c622f54078a7d507b9d2ae62a5ebf2f0785180eb3 Last substantive edit: 2026-10-14 Evidence last checked: 2026-10-14